Intra-abdominal pressure and mechanical artificial ventilation. Arnaldo Milián Castro Hospital. 2014-2015

Introduction: The abdominal cavity and the thoracic cage are separated by the diaphragm; therefore, the variations in the pressures within one of them have an effect on the pressures of the other. At present, intra-abdominal hypertension is a frequent entity in the critically ill patient, which constitutes an important risk factor for complications and mortality since it influences on different organs and systems.Objective: To relate intra-abdominal pressure with mechanical artificial ventilation pressures and parameters of respiratory, cardiovascular and renal function.Material and Methods: A descriptive prospective study of intra-abdominal pressure was conducted in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation with clinical and surgical diseases in the Intensive Care Units of the Arnaldo Milán Castro Hospital, during the period between January 2014 until December 2015. Results:  Clinical patients with high values of airway pressures showed higher values of intra-abdominal pressure, and those post-surgical patients who presented with high levels of pressure inside the abdomen indicated the highest values of peak and average pressure recorded in the mechanical ventilator.  Conclusions: Mean arterial pressure, diuretic rate and peripheral oxygen saturation decreased, whereas the central venous pressure, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood, and creatinine increased due to raises in pressure within the abdomen.Keywords: Artificial respiration, transcutaneous blood gas monitoring, arterial pressure, diuresis,             abdomen.</p

Presión intraabdominal y ventilación artificial mecánica. Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro”. 2014-2015

Introduction: The abdominal cavity and the thoracic cage are separated by the diaphragm; therefore, the variations in the pressures within one of them have an effect on the pressures of the other. At present, intra-abdominal hypertension is a frequent entity in the critically ill patient, which constitutes an important risk factor for complications and mortality since it influences on different organs and systems.Objective: To relate intra-abdominal pressure with mechanical artificial ventilation pressures and parameters of respiratory, cardiovascular and renal function.Material and Methods: A descriptive prospective study of intra-abdominal pressure was conducted in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation with clinical and surgical diseases in the Intensive Care Units of the Arnaldo Milán Castro Hospital, during the period between January 2014 until December 2015. Results:  Clinical patients with high values of airway pressures showed higher values of intra-abdominal pressure, and those post-surgical patients who presented with high levels of pressure inside the abdomen indicated the highest values of peak and average pressure recorded in the mechanical ventilator.  Conclusions: Mean arterial pressure, diuretic rate and peripheral oxygen saturation decreased, whereas the central venous pressure, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood, and creatinine increased due to raises in pressure within the abdomen.Keywords: Artificial respiration, transcutaneous blood gas monitoring, arterial pressure, diuresis,             abdomen.Introducción: La cavidad abdominal y la caja torácica se encuentran separadas por el diafragma, por lo que las variaciones en las presiones dentro de una, repercuten sobre las presiones de la otra. La hipertensión intraabdominal es hoy una entidad frecuente en el paciente crítico en el que constituye un factor de riesgo importante de complicaciones y mortalidad, ya que influye sobre órganos y sistemas.Objetivo: Relacionar la presión intraabdominal con presiones de la ventilación artificial mecánica y parámetros de la función respiratoria, cardiovascular y renal. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de la presión intraabdominal en pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica, con enfermedades clínicas y quirúrgicas, en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico “Arnaldo Milán Castro”, durante el período comprendido entre enero 2014 hasta diciembre 2015.Resultados: Los pacientes clínicos con presiones de la vía aérea elevadas mostraron valores más altos de presión intraabdominal, y aquellos pacientes postquirúrgicos que cursaron con niveles altos de presión dentro del abdomen también presentaron los valores más elevados de presión pico y media registradas en el ventilador mecánico.Conclusiones: La tensión arterial media, el ritmo diurético y la saturación periférica de oxígeno disminuyeron, mientras que la presión venosa central, la presión parcial de dióxido de carbono en sangre y la creatinina aumentó ante los aumentos de la presión dentro del abdomen.Palabras claves: Respiración artificial, monitoreo de gas sanguíneo transcutáneo, presión arterial, diuresis, abdomen

Cerebral hemodynamic patterns in patients with head trauma and their relationship with mortality

Background: mortality from severe head trauma is high and is due to the intracranial hemodynamic disorders that it causes. Objective: to determine the patterns of cerebral blood flow in the patient with head trauma and its relationship with mortality. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the Arnaldo Milían Castro Clinical-Surgical Hospital Serious Care Units, Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, from 2004 to 2007 and from 2018 to 2020. The transcranial Doppler ultrasound was performed in 82 patients, in the first 24 hours after admission, after hemodynamic and respiratory stability. The Glasgow coma scale variables, cerebral blood flow patterns and mortality were determined. The information was processed using the statistical program SPSS / PC version 15 for Windows, statistical processing with univariate analysis was applied.Results: 82 patients were studied, with mortality of 37.8% of the total; the highest fatality occurred among patients older than 65 years (60%) (p = 0.01). The Glasgow coma scale of 8 or less points included 67 patients, with a mortality of 43% (p = 0.00). The cerebral ischemic pattern was the most diagnosed (43.9%) with a mortality of 74% (p = 0.03).Conclusions: the ischemic blood flow pattern is the most frequent and has a significant relationship with mortality. The Glasgow coma scale has a significant relationship with the mortality of patients with head trauma.</p