CHIAROSCURO OF THE TRANSMISSION, ACCOMPANIMENT AND BILDUNG OF NOVEL TEACHERS

This article is about the elements around the notion of transmission in the process of accompanying teachers who have just started work in institutional settings of higher education. The work is part of the research project Curricular processes and accompanying practices (PCyPA). Training is a cultural process that takes place under material conditions and with strategies for organizing social ties. In the time and space of the cultural act, multiple human links are unleashed that organize the plot, the drama of the transmission as an act of mediation between what is presented by the experts and what is incorporated in the newcomers to institutional practices. The encounter between two agents —generationally different— takes the form of dispositions to build paths that lead to the mobilization of knowledge — especially the desire to know — and of wanting to be in a certain way that leads to the modeling of the self, to the formation of oneself from the vital force that is located in the transmission. The incorporation process is on the side of transformation, modification, alteration, almost conversion. Transmission does not stop having communicational effects, but it is not reduced to it. Transmission has political effects since it gives way to organize and project social ties it tends to generate an aesthetic —as a principle of reality— and to cultivate collegiate strategies and collective frameworks. To reflect on the chiaroscuro of the transmission, we took two narrative diaries of teachers built in the process of immersion in a higher education institution. On the one hand, they expose the process of becoming university teachers; on the other, they reveal the vicissitudes of the accompaniment: hesitations, passions, interest and shaping of the self.O artigo reflete sobre os elementos que caracterizam a noção de transmissão no processo de acompanhamento de docentes recém-iniciados em ambientes institucionais de ensino superior. Inscreve-se no projeto de investigação Processos curriculares e práticas de acompanhamento (PCyPA). A formação é um processo cultural que se dá em condições materiais e com estratégias de organização dos laços sociais. No tempo e no espaço do ato cultural, desencadeiam-se os múltiplos vínculos humanos que organizam a trama, o drama da transmissão como ato de mediação entre o que é apresentado pelos especialistas e o que se incorpora nos recém-chegados às práticas institucionais. O encontro entre dois agentes - geracionalmente distintos - assume a forma de disposições para construir trajectos que conduzam à mobilização do saber - especialmente o desejo de saber - e de querer ser de uma determinada forma que conduz à modelagem de si, ao formação de si mesmo a partir da força vital que se localiza na transmissão. O processo de incorporação está do lado da transformação, modificação, alteração, quase conversão. A transmissão não deixa de ter efeitos comunicacionais, mas não se reduz a isso. A transmissão tem efeitos políticos porque dá origem a uma forma de organizar e projetar os laços sociais, tende a gerar uma estética - como princípio da realidade - e a cultivar estratégias colegiadas e quadros coletivos. Para refletir sobre o claro-escuro da transmissão, tomamos dois diários narrativos de professoras construídos no processo de imersão em uma instituição de ensino superior; de um lado, expõem o processo de se tornarem professores universitários, de outro, revelam as vicissitudes do acompanhamento: hesitações, paixões, interesse e formação de si.El artículo reflexiona sobre los elementos que caracterizan a la noción de transmisión en el proceso de acompañar a profesores que recién inician labores en marcos institucionales de educación superior. Se inscribe en el proyecto de investigación Procesos curriculares y prácticas de acompañamiento. Formar es un proceso cultural que se efectúa en condiciones materiales y con estrategias de organización de los vínculos sociales. En el tiempo y espacio del acto cultural se desencadenan múltiples vínculos humanos que organizan la trama, el drama de la transmisión en tanto acto de mediación entre lo que se presenta por los expertos y lo que se incorpora en los recién ingresados a las prácticas institucionales. El encuentro entre dos agentes —generacionalmente distintos— toma la forma de disposiciones para construir trayectos que llevan a la movilización del saber —en especial del deseo de saber— y del querer ser de una determinada manera que conduce a la modelación del yo, a la formación de sí a partir de la fuerza vital que se localiza en la transmisión. El proceso de incorporación está del lado de la transformación, de la modificación, de la alteración, casi de la conversión. La transmisión no deja de tener efectos comunicacionales, pero no se reduce a ella. La transmisión tiene efectos políticos pues da cauce a una forma de organizar y proyectar los vínculos sociales, tiende a la generación de una estética —en tanto principio de realidad— y al cultivo de estrategias colegiadas y marcos colectivos. Para reflexionar sobre los claroscuros de la transmisión tomamos dos diarios narrativos de profesoras construidos en el proceso de inmersión a una institución de educación superior; por un lado, exponen el proceso de convertirse en docentes universitarios, por otro, revelan los avatares del acompañamiento: vacilaciones, pasiones, interés y moldeamiento del yo

Documentos personales: construcción de sí y el arribo a la literacidad académica

PERSONAL DOCUMENTS. CONSTRUCTION OF ONESELF AND THE ARRIVAL TO ACADEMIC LITERACITY   Abstract. This work is part of the research project «Curricular processes and accompanying practices» (PCyPA). Is focused in a set of reflections derived from the use of personal documents in educational practices in order to adress the role of reading and writing in the training processes of the subjects, in particular the peculiarities of the arrival to academic literacy. First, we highlight the role of Chicago School studies in the use of personal documents; second, we characterize the role of personal documents in the inquiry. Later, we focus on the diary and the life story, instruments used to work on the construction of oneself and academic literacy; we point its use in education; We exemplify with some extracts personal diary writings of personal diaries ¾elemental and higher education¾; via a life story, we capture the arrival to academic literacy and the encounter with books. In both cases we highlight the role of writing and reflective thinking in the training processes. We close the article with some reflections on the role of personal documents in training courses.DOCUMENTOS PESSOAIS. CONSTRUÇÃO DE SE E CHEGADA À LITERACIDADE ACADÊMICA   Resumo. Este trabalho faz parte do projeto de pesquisa «Processos curriculares e práticas de acompanhamento» (PCyPA). Apresentamos um conjunto de reflexões derivadas do uso de documentos pessoais nas práticas educativas. Nos interessa mostrar o papel da leitura e da escrita nos processos de formação dos sujeitos, em particular das peculiaridades do percorrido para a chegada à literacidade acadêmica. Em primeiro lugar, destacamos o papel dos estudos da Escola de Chicago no uso de documentos pessoais; em segundo lugar, caracterizamos o papel dos documentos pessoais na investigação. Posteriormente, enfocamos o diário e a história de vida, instrumentos utilizados para trabalhar a construção de si e o letramento acadêmico; apontamos seu uso na educação; exemplificamos com alguns trechos a redação do jornal ¾ensino elemental e superior¾; por meio de uma história de vida, captamos a chegada à alfabetização acadêmica e o encontro com os livros. Em ambos os casos destacamos o papel da escrita e do pensamento reflexivo nos processos de formação. Encerramos o artigo com algumas reflexões sobre o papel dos documentos pessoais nos percorridos de formação.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación «Procesos curriculares y prácticas de acompañamiento» (PCyPA). Con el propósito de dar cuenta del papel de la lectura y la escritura en los procesos de formación de los sujetos, en particular de las peculiaridades del arribo a la literacidad académica, exponemos un conjunto de reflexiones derivadas del uso de los documentos personales en prácticas educativas. Primero, resaltamos el papel de los estudios de la Escuela de Chicago en el uso de los documentos personales; en segundo lugar, caracterizamos el papel de los documentos personales en la indagación. Más adelante, nos centramos en el diario y el relato de vida, instrumentos utilizados para trabajar la construcción de sí y la literacidad académica; apuntamos su uso en educación; ejemplificamos con algunos extractos la escritura del diario ¾educación básica y educación superior¾; vía un relato de vida, plasmamos el arribo a la literacidad académica y el encuentro con los libros. En ambos casos resaltamos el papel de la escritura y el pensamiento reflexivo en los procesos de formación. Cerramos el artículo con algunas reflexiones en torno al papel de los documentos personales en los trayectos formativos

The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production - a review

The importance of small ruminants to the dairy industry has increased in recent years, especially in developing countries, where it has a high economic and social impact. Interestingly and despite the fact that the mammary gland is the specialised milk production organ, very few authors studied the modifications occurring in the mammary gland through the lactation period in production animals, particularly in the small ruminants, sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus). Nevertheless, understanding the different mammary gland patterns throughout lactation is essential to improve dairy production. In addition, associating these patterns with different milking frequencies, lactation number or different diets is also of high importance, directly affecting the dairy industry. The mammary gland is commonly composed of parenchyma and stroma, which includes the ductal system, with individual proportions of each changing during the different periods and yields in a lactation cycle. Indeed, during late gestation, as well as during early to mid-lactation, mammary gland expansion occurs, with an increase in the number of epithelial cells and lumen area, which leads to increment of the parenchyma tissue, as well as a reduction of stroma, corresponding macroscopically to the increase in mammary gland volume. Throughout late lactation, the mammary gland volume decreases owing to the regression of the secretory structure. In general, common mammary gland patterns have been shown for both goats and sheep throughout the several lactation stages, although the number of studies is limited. The main objective of this manuscript is to review the colostrogenesis and lactogenesis processes as well as to highlight the mammary gland morphological patterns underlying milk production during the lactation cycle for small ruminants, and to describe potential differences between goats and sheep, hence contributing to a better description of mammary gland development during lactation for these two poorly studied specie

BNIP3 Is Involved in Muscle Fiber Atrophy in Late-Onset Pompe Disease Patients

Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare genetic disorder produced by mutations in the GAA gene and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness. LOPD muscle biopsies show accumulation of glycogen along with the autophagic vacuoles associated with atrophic muscle fibers. The expression of molecules related to muscle fiber atrophy in muscle biopsies of LOPD patients was studied using immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), a well-known atrogene, was identified as a potential mediator of muscle fiber atrophy in LOPD muscle biopsies. Vacuolated fibers in LOPD patient muscle biopsies were smaller than nonvacuolated fibers and expressed BNIP3. The current data suggested that BNIP3 expression is regulated by inhibition of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, leading to phosphorylation of Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) at Ser317 by AMP-activated protein kinase. Myoblasts and myotubes obtained from LOPD patients and age-matched controls were studied to confirm these results using different molecular techniques. Myotubes derived from LOPD patients were likewise smaller and expressed BNIP3. Conclusively, transfection of BNIP3 into control myotubes led to myotube atrophy. These findings suggest a cascade that starts with the inhibition of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and activation of BNIP3 expression, leading to progressive muscle fiber atrophy. These results open the door to potential new treatments targeting BNIP3 to reduce its deleterious effects on muscle fiber atrophy in Pompe disease.Peer reviewe

Autoantibody screening in Guillain-Barré syndrome

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory neuropathy with a heterogeneous presentation. Although some evidences support the role of autoantibodies in its pathogenesis, the target antigens remain unknown in a substantial proportion of GBS patients. The objective of this study is to screen for autoantibodies targeting peripheral nerve components in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Methods: Autoantibody screening was performed in serum samples from all GBS patients included in the International GBS Outcome study by 11 different Spanish centres. The screening included testing for anti-ganglioside antibodies, anti-nodo/paranodal antibodies, immunocytochemistry on neuroblastoma-derived human motor neurons and murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, and immunohistochemistry on monkey peripheral nerve sections. We analysed the staining patterns of patients and controls. The prognostic value of anti-ganglioside antibodies was also analysed. Results: None of the GBS patients (n = 100) reacted against the nodo/paranodal proteins tested, and 61 (61%) were positive for, at least, one anti-ganglioside antibody. GBS sera reacted strongly against DRG neurons more frequently than controls both with IgG (6% vs 0%; p = 0.03) and IgM (11% vs 2.2%; p = 0.02) immunodetection. No differences were observed in the proportion of patients reacting against neuroblastoma-derived human motor neurons. Reactivity against monkey nerve tissue was frequently detected both in patients and controls, but specific patterns were only detected in GBS patients: IgG from 13 (13%) patients reacted strongly against Schwann cells. Finally, we confirmed that IgG anti-GM1 antibodies are associated with poorer outcomes independently of other known prognostic factors. Conclusion: Our study confirms that (1) GBS patients display a heterogeneous repertoire of autoantibodies targeting nerve cells and structures; (2) gangliosides are the most frequent antigens in GBS patients and have a prognostic value; (3) further antigen-discovery experiments may elucidate other potential antigens in GBS

PDGF-BB serum levels are decreased in adult onset Pompe patients

Adult onset Pompe disease is a genetic disorder characterized by slowly progressive skeletal and respiratory muscle weakness. Symptomatic patients are treated with enzymatic replacement therapy with human recombinant alfa glucosidase. Motor functional tests and spirometry are commonly used to follow patients up. However, a serological biomarker that correlates with the progression of the disease could improve follow-up. We studied serum concentrations of TGFβ, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AA and CTGF growth factors in 37 adult onset Pompe patients and 45 controls. Moreover, all patients performed several muscle function tests, conventional spirometry, and quantitative muscle MRI using 3-point Dixon. We observed a statistically significant change in the serum concentration of each growth factor in patients compared to controls. However, only PDGF-BB levels were able to differentiate between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, suggesting its potential role in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients. Moreover, our results point to a dysregulation of muscle regeneration as an additional pathomechanism of Pompe disease

Plan de Acción Tutorial para nuevos estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa

Memoria ID-010. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2021-2022

Falls Predict Acute Hospitalization in Parkinson's Disease

[Background] There is a need for identifying risk factors for hospitalization in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and also interventions to reduce acute hospital admission.[Objective] To analyze the frequency, causes, and predictors of acute hospitalization (AH) in PD patients from a Spanish cohort.[Methods] PD patients recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson’s DIsease in Spain, 2015) cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were included in the study. In order to identify predictors of AH, Kaplan-Meier estimates of factors considered as potential predictors were obtained and Cox regression performed on time to hospital encounter 1-year after the baseline visit.[Results] Thirty-five out of 605 (5.8%) PD patients (62.5±8.9 years old; 59.8% males) presented an AH during the 1-year follow-up after the baseline visit. Traumatic falls represented the most frequent cause of admission, being 23.7% of all acute hospitalizations. To suffer from motor fluctuations (HR [hazard ratio] 2.461; 95% CI, 1.065–5.678; p = 0.035), a very severe non-motor symptoms burden (HR [hazard ratio] 2.828; 95% CI, 1.319–6.063; p = 0.008), falls (HR 3.966; 95% CI 1.757–8.470; p = 0.001), and dysphagia (HR 2.356; 95% CI 1.124–4.941; p = 0.023) was associated with AH after adjustment to age, gender, disease duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, total number of non-antiparkinsonian drugs, and UPDRS-IIIOFF. Of the previous variables, only falls (HR 2.998; 95% CI 1.080–8.322; p = 0.035) was an independent predictor of AH.[Conclusion] Falls is an independent predictor of AH in PD patients.Peer reviewe

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Interdisciplinaridad y proyectos integradores: Un desafio para la Universidad Ecuatoriana

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la interdisciplinariedad en relación con los proyectos integradores en dos universidades ecuatorianas, mediante una investigación descriptiva, exploratoria, que privilegia la utilización de métodos empíricos tales como el análisis documental, los talleres y la observación del desempeño de los estudiantes. El método hermenéutico-dialéctico constituyó la base filosófica del trabajo. Se revisó la concepción de los proyectos integradores a partir de los escritos teóricos, lo dispuesto en los documentos normativos de la educación superior ecuatoriana y su concreción en las facultades de Ingeniería Industrial y Sistema de dos universidades: Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica de Ambato y Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo. La triangulación de la información de las diferentes fuentes puso en evidencia los retos del trabajo interdisciplinar. Derivado de lo anterior, se ofrece una metodología que particulariza los procedimientos didácticos para guiar a los docentes en la implementación efectiva del enfoque interdisciplinario en los proyectos integradores