Development of a numerical model to predict physiological strain of firefighter in fire hazard

This paper aims to develop a numerical model to predict heat stress of frefghter under low-level thermal radiation. The model integrated a modifed multi-layer clothing model with a human thermoregulation model. We took the coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer in the clothing, the size-dependent heat transfer in the air gaps, and the controlling active and controlled passive thermal regulation in human body into consideration. The predicted core temperature and mean skin temperature from the model showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Parametric study was conducted and the result demonstrated that the radiative intensity had a signifcant infuence on the physiological heat strain. The existence of air gap showed positive efect on the physiological heat strain when air gap size is small. However, when the size of air gap exceeds 6mm, a diferent trend was observed due to the occurrence of natural convection. Additionally, the time length for the existence of the physiological heat strain was greater than the existence of the skin burn under various heat exposures. The fndings obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the physiological strain of frefghter and shed light on textile material engineering for achieving higher protective performance

Reduction of inhibitor titres by infusion of FVIII gene transduced tolerogenic dendritic cells in haemophilic mice

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72521/1/j.1365-2516.2009.01996_2.x.pd

Pathological characteristics and predictive factors of prostate biopsy in patients with serum PSA levels between 0 and 4.0 ng/ml

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the pathological characteristics and predictive factors of prostate biopsy in men with PSA levels below 4.0 ng/ml.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 158 patients who underwent prostate biopsy with PSA levels below 4.0 ng/ml. Pathological results were statistically analyzed. The logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictive factors for malignant outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients who received surgery and the postoperative pathological upgrading was counted.ResultsA total of 143 patients were enrolled. The tumor detection rate was 20.3%. Among these patients, most of them (79.3%) had prostate adenocarcinoma, but rare malignant tumors also accounted for 20.7%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the only independent predictive factor for a positive prostate biopsy was the PI-RADS score. For prostate adenocarcinoma cases, 95.7% of them were organ localized and 47.8% of cases were clinically significant. Subgroup analysis was performed on 14 patients who received surgical treatment. 28.6% of patients were upgraded to clinically significant prostate cancer, while 64.3% of patients had an upgrade in tumor stage.ConclusionOur study indicated that 20.3% of men with PSA levels between 0 and 4.0 ng/ml were diagnosed with prostate malignancies. Among these patients, most of them (79.3%) were diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, and several uncommon types of malignancies were also detected in 20.7% of patients. The only risk factor for a positive biopsy in patients with a low PSA concentration was the PI-RADS score. It should be emphasized that the invasiveness of PCa patients diagnosed by biopsy may be underestimated as more than half of patients will upgrade their Gleason score or clinical stages after surgery. Thus, clinicians should pay more attention to patients with PSA levels between 0 and 4.0 ng/ml

Galaxy Optical Variability of Virgo Cluster: New Tracer for Environmental Influences on Galaxies

We investigate the relationship between the optical variability of galaxies and their distances from the centre of the Virgo Cluster using Palomar Transient Factory data. We define the ratio between the standard deviation of the galaxy brightness and the mean value of the standard deviation as a measure of a galaxy's optical variability. A sample of 814 Virgo galaxies with 230263 observations shows a monotonically decreasing trend of optical variability with increasing clustercentric distance. The variability level inside the cluster is 3.2$\sigma$ higher than the level outside. We fit the variability with a linear function and find that the data reject a distance-independent model. We examine 217 background galaxies for comparison and find no significant trend in galaxy variability. We assess the relation with Monte Carlo simulation by rebuilding the brightness of each galaxy. The simulation shows a monotonically decreasing relation for member galaxy variability and a distance-independent relation for background galaxies. Our result is consistent with the theory that the cold gas flowing inwards the cluster centre fuels AGN activity. This work is a new implementation of the method using optical variability to investigate the relation between galaxies evolution and their environment.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, in Press (accepted by MNRAS Letters

Galaxy optical variability of Virgo cluster: new tracer for environmental influences on galaxies

We investigate the relationship between the optical variability of galaxies and their distances from the centre of the Virgo cluster using Palomar Transient Factory data. We define the ratio between the standard deviation of the galaxy brightness and the mean value of the standard deviation as a measure of a galaxy’s optical variability. A sample of 814 Virgo galaxies with 230 263 observations shows a monotonically decreasing trend of optical variability with increasing clustercentric distance. The variability level inside the cluster is 3.2σ higher than the level outside. We fit the variability with a linear function and find that the data reject a distance-independent model. We examine 217 background galaxies for comparison and find no significant trend in galaxy variability. We assess the relation with Monte Carlo simulation by rebuilding the brightness of each galaxy. The simulation shows a monotonically decreasing relation for member galaxy variability and a distance-independent relation for background galaxies. Our result is consistent with the theory that the cold gas flowing inwards the cluster centre fuels AGN activity. This work is a new implementation of the method using optical variability to investigate the relation between galaxies evolution and their environment