2,070 research outputs found
A Proposed Mechanism for the Intrinsic Redshift and its Preferred Values Purportedly Found in Quasars Based on the Local-Ether Theory
Quasars of high redshift may be ejected from a nearby active galaxy of low
redshift. This physical association then leads to the suggestion that the
redshifts of quasars are not really an indication of their distances. In this
investigation, it is argued that the high redshift can be due to the
gravitational redshift as an intrinsic redshift. Based on the proposed
local-ether theory, this intrinsic redshift is determined solely by the
gravitational potential associated specifically with the celestial object in
which the emitting sources are placed. During the process with which quasars
evolve into ordinary galaxies, the fragmentation of quasars and the formation
of stars occur and hence the masses of quasars decrease. Thus their
gravitational potentials and hence redshifts become smaller and smaller. This
is in accord with the aging of redshift during the evolution process. In some
observations, the redshifts of quasars have been found to follow the Karlsson
formula to exhibit a series of preferred peaks in their distributions. Based on
the quasar fragmentation and the local-ether theory, a new formula is presented
to interpret the preferred peaks quantitatively
An Ignored Mechanism for the Longitudinal Recoil Force in Railguns and Revitalization of the Riemann Force Law
The electric induction force due to a time-varying current is used to account
for the longitudinal recoil force exerted on the rails of railgun accelerators.
As observed in the experiments, this induction force is longitudinal to the
rails and can be the strongest at the heads of the rails. Besides, for the
force due to a closed circuit, it is shown that the Riemann force law, which is
based on a potential energy depending on a relative speed and is in accord with
Newton's law of action and reaction, can reduce to the Lorentz force law
Modifications of Schr\"{o}dinger's Equation Complying with the Effect of Earth's Rotation on Quantum Energy in Atoms and with the Electromagnetic Force
Recently, we have presented a local-ether wave equation incorporating a
nature frequency and the electric scalar potential, from which the
speed-dependences in the angular frequency and wavelength of matter wave, in
the mass of particle, and in the energy of quantum states are derived. These
relations look like the postulates of de Broglie and the Lorentz mass-variation
law, except that the particle speed is referred specifically to a geocentric
inertial frame and hence incorporates earth's rotation for earthbound
particles. Further, the wave equation is extended by connecting the scalar
potential to the augmentation operator which is associated with a velocity
difference between involved particles. Then the electromagnetic force law is
derived, which under some ordinary conditions reduces to the modified Lorentz
force law. In this investigation, the interaction of atoms with electromagnetic
radiation is explored. Then it is shown that the time evolution equation
derived from the wave equation is substantially identical to Schr\"{o}dinger's
equation incorporating the vector potential, if the latter is observed in the
atom frame and if the source generating the vector potential is electrically
neutralized, as in common practice
Local-Ether Wave Equation of Electric Field and Interferometry Experiments with Moving Medium and Path
Recently, we have presented the local-ether model, whereby the propagation of
earthbound waves is supposed to be referred uniquely to a geostationary
inertial frame. Further, in order to comply with this propagation model, the
modified Lorentz force law is developed. Thereby, the corresponding wave
equations of potentials and fields are derived in this investigation. It is
shown that the local-ether wave equation of electric field can account for
various precision interferometry experiments in a consistent way, including the
one-way-link experiment with a geostationary fiber, the Sagnac rotating-loop
experiment with a comoving or a geostationary dielectric medium, and Fizeau's
experiment with a moving dielectric medium in a geostationary interferometer.
These experiments together then provide a support for the local-ether wave
equation. Meanwhile, some other phenomena are predicted, which provide a means
to test its validity
Resonant Absorption between Moving Atoms due to Doppler Frequency Shift and Quantum Energy Variation
By taking both the Doppler frequency shift for electromagnetic wave and the
quantum energy variation of matter wave into consideration, a
resonant-absorption condition based on the local-ether wave equation is
presented to account for a variety of phenomena consistently, including the
Ives-Stilwell experiment, the output frequency from ammonia masers, and the
M\"{o}ssbauer rotor experiment. It is found that in the resonant-absorption
condition, the major term associated with the laboratory velocity is a
dot-product term between this velocity and that of the emitting or absorbing
atom. This term appears both in the Doppler frequency shift and the transition
frequency variation and then cancels out. Thereby, the experimental results can
be independent of the laboratory velocity and hence comply with Galilean
relativity, despite the restriction that the involved velocities are referred
specifically to the local-ether frame. However, by examining the
resonant-absorption condition in the M\"{o}ssbauer rotor experiment to a higher
order, it is found that Galilean relativity breaks down
Modifications of the Lorentz Force Law Complying with Galilean Transformations and the Local-Ether Propagation Model
It is generally expected from intuition that the electromagnetic force
exerted on a charged particle should remain unchanged when observed in
different reference frames in uniform translational motion. In the special
relativity, this invariance is achieved by invoking the Lorentz transformation
of space and time. In this investigation an entirely different interpretation
of the invariance of force is presented. We propose a new model of the
electromagnetic force given in terms of the augmented potentials, which are
derived from the electric scalar potential by incorporating a velocity
difference between involved particles. The propagation of the potentials is
supposed to follow the local-ether model. All of the position vectors, time
derivatives, and velocities involved in the proposed potentials and force law
are referred specifically to their respective frames. By virtue of this
feature, the electromagnetic force is independent of reference frame simply
based on Galilean transformations. The proposed model looks quite different
from the Lorentz force law, except the electrostatic force. However, under the
common low-speed condition where the mobile charged particles forming the
current drift very slowly in a neutralizing matrix, it is shown that the
proposed model reduces to the Lorentz force law, if the latter is observed in
the matrix frame as done tacitly in common practice.Comment: This paper is one part of the brand-new theory of Quantum
Electromagnetics (http://qem.ee.nthu.edu.tw
A Wave Interpretation of the Compton Effect As a Further Demonstration of the Postulates of de Broglie
The Compton effect is commonly cited as a demonstration of the particle
feature of light, while the wave nature of matter has been proposed by de
Broglie and demonstrated by Davisson and Germer with the Bragg diffraction of
electron beams. In this investigation, we present an entirely different
interpretation of the Compton effect based on the postulates of de Broglie and
on an interaction between electromagnetic and matter waves. The speeds of
interacting electrons in the Compton scattering are quite fast and its
mechanism relies heavily on the mass variation. Thus, based on this wave
interpretation, the Compton effect can be viewed as a further demonstration of
the postulates of de Broglie for high-speed particles. In addition to the
scattered wave, a direct radiation depending on the mass variation is
predicted, which provides a means to test the wave interpretation
Learning Compressible 360{\deg} Video Isomers
Standard video encoders developed for conventional narrow field-of-view video
are widely applied to 360{\deg} video as well, with reasonable results.
However, while this approach commits arbitrarily to a projection of the
spherical frames, we observe that some orientations of a 360{\deg} video, once
projected, are more compressible than others. We introduce an approach to
predict the sphere rotation that will yield the maximal compression rate. Given
video clips in their original encoding, a convolutional neural network learns
the association between a clip's visual content and its compressibility at
different rotations of a cubemap projection. Given a novel video, our
learning-based approach efficiently infers the most compressible direction in
one shot, without repeated rendering and compression of the source video. We
validate our idea on thousands of video clips and multiple popular video
codecs. The results show that this untapped dimension of 360{\deg} compression
has substantial potential--"good" rotations are typically 8-10% more
compressible than bad ones, and our learning approach can predict them reliably
82% of the time
Leaving Some Stones Unturned: Dynamic Feature Prioritization for Activity Detection in Streaming Video
Current approaches for activity recognition often ignore constraints on
computational resources: 1) they rely on extensive feature computation to
obtain rich descriptors on all frames, and 2) they assume batch-mode access to
the entire test video at once. We propose a new active approach to activity
recognition that prioritizes "what to compute when" in order to make timely
predictions. The main idea is to learn a policy that dynamically schedules the
sequence of features to compute on selected frames of a given test video. In
contrast to traditional static feature selection, our approach continually
re-prioritizes computation based on the accumulated history of observations and
accounts for the transience of those observations in ongoing video. We develop
variants to handle both the batch and streaming settings. On two challenging
datasets, our method provides significantly better accuracy than alternative
techniques for a wide range of computational budgets
Learning Spherical Convolution for Fast Features from 360{\deg} Imagery
While 360{\deg} cameras offer tremendous new possibilities in vision,
graphics, and augmented reality, the spherical images they produce make core
feature extraction non-trivial. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on
images from perspective cameras yield "flat" filters, yet 360{\deg} images
cannot be projected to a single plane without significant distortion. A naive
solution that repeatedly projects the viewing sphere to all tangent planes is
accurate, but much too computationally intensive for real problems. We propose
to learn a spherical convolutional network that translates a planar CNN to
process 360{\deg} imagery directly in its equirectangular projection. Our
approach learns to reproduce the flat filter outputs on 360{\deg} data,
sensitive to the varying distortion effects across the viewing sphere. The key
benefits are 1) efficient feature extraction for 360{\deg} images and video,
and 2) the ability to leverage powerful pre-trained networks researchers have
carefully honed (together with massive labeled image training sets) for
perspective images. We validate our approach compared to several alternative
methods in terms of both raw CNN output accuracy as well as applying a
state-of-the-art "flat" object detector to 360{\deg} data. Our method yields
the most accurate results while saving orders of magnitude in computation
versus the existing exact reprojection solution.Comment: NIPS 201
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