Sustainability in manufacturing processes: practices performed in metal forming, casting, heat treatment, welding and electrostatic painting

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This article aims to list the main sustainable practices developed in the processes of metal forming, casting, heat treatment, welding and electrostatic painting. When analysed the literature about sustainable manufacturing, a predominance of studies about machining is observed and the processes mentioned are few explored in academic studies. The research strategy used to reach the objective was systematic literature review, conducted for each process cited. Many sustainable practices were identified with prominence of better materials use and energy efficiency. The authors of this article believe that the information presented here can be useful for researches in their future studies and for industry professionals interested in improving manufacturing processes

Enhanced diffusion of

Sputter deposition of copper on aluminium, under intense bombardment of low-energy ions resulted in the formation of two interfacial zones. The mean diffusion coefficient effective in the formation of the first zone, $\le3 \times 10^{-10}$\un{cm^2/s}, is attributed to vacancy supersaturation. The results strongly suggest that by supplying the necessary energy for the formation of vacancies, the activation energy for diffusion can be reduced to the level of the enthalpy of migration, provided lifetimes of freely migrating defects are sufficiently long