2 research outputs found
Tinnitus: clinical and pathogenetic aspects [Tinnitus: kliniko-patogeneticheskie aspekty]
The article discusses the pathogenetic and clinical features of tinnitus. It is emphasized that various causes contribute to the appearance of tinnitus, including somatic diseases, excess body weight, iatrogenies, otological diseases with an outcome in hearing loss. The anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the central part of the auditory system are considered. It is suggested that the occurrence of tinnitus is associated with the processes of maladaptive neuroplasticity caused by pathological changes in the neuronal activity of cortical structures of the CNS, and not with changes in the peripheral part of the auditory analyzer - the structures of the cochlea. The results of recent studies, including those using functional neuroimaging methods, indicate the significance of cortical connection disorders (human connectome) in patients with tinnitus. In patients with tinnitus, there are changes in regional neuronal activity and connections not only in the auditory cortex, but also in areas not directly related to the analysis of auditory afferentation. Thus, tinnitus can be considered as one of the variants of dysfunction of the human connectome, triggered primarily from the Β«auditory inputΒ».Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠ° (ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°). ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π¦ΠΠ‘, Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° β ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°) Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ Β«ΡΠ»ΡΡ
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