Advances in bone surgery: the ER:YAG laser in oral surgery and implant dentistry

The erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser has emerged as a possible alternative to conventional methods of bone ablation because of its wavelength of 2.94 μm, which coincides with the absorption peak of water. Over the last decades in several experimental and clinical studies, the widespread initial assumption that light amplification for stimulated emission of radiation (laser) osteotomy inevitably provokes profound tissue damage and delayed wound healing has been refuted. In addition, the supposed disadvantage of prolonged osteotomy times could be overcome by modern short-pulsed Er:YAG laser systems. Currently, the limiting factors for a routine application of lasers for bone ablation are mainly technical drawbacks such as missing depth control and a difficult and safe guidance of the laser beam. This article gives a short overview of the development process and current possibilities of noncontact Er:YAG laser osteotomy in oral and implant surgery

Physical examinations after osseous peri-implantitis lesions with the help of fluorescence microscopy

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der knöchernen Regeneration nach Periimplantitistherapie an sechs Beaglehunden. Hierfür wurde im Verlauf von 12 Wochen an 60 Implantaten eine Periimplantitis mittels Seidenligaturen induziert, und die daraus entstandenen knöchernen Defekte anschließend mittels konventionellem Pulverwasserstrahlgerät, CO2-Laser oder einer Kombinations- therapie aus beiden behandelt. Anhand von polysequenzmarkierten histomorpho- metrischen Schnitten konnte dann der im Vergleich zur alleinigen Pulverwasser- strahlgerät-Anwendung deutlich bessere Reinigungseffekt des CO2-Lasers nachgewiesen werden.The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the osseous regeneration after decontamination of six beagle dogs' ailling implants. Therefore a peri-implantitis around a total of 60 implants was induced by cotton floss ligatures for 12 weeks. The following surgical treatment consisted of either conventional air-powder abrasive, a singleCO2-laser assisted decontamination, or a combination of both. By means of polychrome fluorescence labelling and histomorphometric investigations the single respectively additional CO2-laser application revealed conspicously better cleaning of dental surfaces than the conventional air-powder abrasive

Structure design of the Westinghouse superconducting magnet for the Large Coil Program

In the on-going development of superconducting toroidal field coils for tokamak reactors, the Large Coil Program (LCP) managed by Union Carbide Corporation will include the design, fabrication, and testing of large superconducting coils to determine their feasibility for use in the magnetic fusion energy effort. Structural analysis of the large coil is essential to ensure adequate safety in the test coil design and confidence in the scalability of the design. This paper will discuss the action of tensile and shear loads on the various materials used in the coil. These loads are of magnetic and thermal origin