59 research outputs found

    Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the antinociceptive effect of a romifidine infusion in standing horses

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    OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a romifidine infusion on antinociception and sedation, and to investigate its relationship with plasma concentration. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, experimental, nonrandomized trial. ANIMALS A total of 10 healthy adult warmblood horses. METHODS Romifidine (loading dose: 0.08 mg kg-1, infusion: 0.03 mg kg-1 hour-1) was administered intravenously over 120 minutes. Romifidine plasma concentrations were determined by capillary electrophoresis. Sedation quality and nociceptive thresholds were evaluated at regular time points before, during and after romifidine administration. The nociceptive withdrawal reflex was elicited by electrical stimulation at the thoracic limb using a dedicated threshold tracking algorithm and recorded by electromyography at the deltoid muscle. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was established and correlation between romifidine plasma concentration and main output variables tested. RESULTS A two compartmental model best described the romifidine pharmacokinetic profile. The nociceptive thresholds increased compared with baseline in all horses from 10 to 146 minutes after romifidine administration (p < 0.001). Peak effect reached 5.7 ± 2.3 times the baseline threshold (mean ± standard deviation). The effect/concentration relationship followed a counter-clockwise hysteresis loop. The mean plasma concentration was weakly correlated to nociceptive thresholds (p < 0.0071, r = 0.392). The sedative effects were significant until 160 minutes but variable, not correlated to plasma concentration (p = 0.067), and weakly correlated to nociceptive thresholds (p < 0.0001, r = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Romifidine elicited a marked antinociceptive effect. Romifidine-induced antinociception appeared with a delayed onset and lasted longer than sedation after discontinuing its administration

    Piezoelectricity and rotostriction through polar and non-polar coupled instabilities in bismuth-based piezoceramics

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    Coupling of order parameters provides a means to tune functionality in advanced materials including multiferroics, superconductors, and ionic conductors. We demonstrate that the response of a frustrated ferroelectric state leads to coupling between order parameters under electric field depending on grain orientation. The strain of grains oriented along a specific crystallographic direction, 〈h00âŒȘ, is caused by converse piezoelectricity originating from a ferrodistortive tetragonal phase. For 〈hhhâŒȘ oriented grains, the strain results from converse piezoelectricity and rotostriction, as indicated by an antiferrodistortive instability that promotes octahedral tilting in a rhombohedral phase. Both strain mechanisms combined lead to a colossal local strain of (2.4 ± 0.1) % and indicate coupling between oxygen octahedral tilting and polarization, here termed “rotopolarization”. These findings were confirmed with electromechanical experiments, in situ neutron diffraction, and in situ transmission electron microscopy in 0.75Bi1/2_{1/2}Na1/2_{1/2}TiO3_{3}-0.25SrTiO3_{3}. This work demonstrates that polar and non-polar instabilities can cooperate to provide colossal functional responses

    Piezoelectricity and rotostriction through polar and non-polar coupled instabilities in bismuth-based piezoceramics

    Get PDF
    Coupling of order parameters provides a means to tune functionality in advanced materials including multiferroics, superconductors and ionic conductors. We demonstrate that the response of a frustrated ferroelectric state leads to coupling between order parameters under electric field depending on grain orientation. The strain of grains oriented along a specific crystallographic direction,〈h00〉, is caused by converse piezoelectricity originating from a ferrodistortive tetragonal phase. For〈hhh〉oriented grains, the strain results from converse piezoelectricity and rotostriction, as indicated by an antiferrodistortive instability that promotes octahedral tilting in a rhombohedral phase. Both strain mechanisms combined lead to a colossal local strain of (2.4 ± 0.1) % and indicate coupling between oxygen octahedral tilting and polarization, here termed “rotopolarization”. These findings were confirmed with electromechanical experiments, in situ neutron diffraction and in situ transmission electron microscopy in 0.75Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-0.25SrTiO3. This work demonstrates that polar and non-polar instabilities can cooperate to provide colossal functional responses

    [Preoperative evaluation of patients with endocrine diseases]

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    Patients with endocrine diseases are candidates for an early anaesthesiologic evaluation. This is especially important for diseases with a high potential for preoperative optimization of therapeutic options, as diabetes, morbid obesity and thyroid dysfunction. For rare diseases, early anaesthesiologic evaluation allows the anaesthetic team to gather specific information, which is not available on an overnight basis

    TPM-basierter System Health Agent unter Windows 7 - Trusted NAP

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    Zielsetzung Das Microsoft Network Access Protection (NAP) stellt ein zusĂ€tzlicher Schutz fĂŒr das Netzwerk dar. Die Clients werden, bevor sie Zugriff auf die Netzwerkinfrastruktur erhalten, nach definierten Regeln geprĂŒft und erst bei Bestehen dieser Kontrolle in das Netzwerk gelassen. Das Trusted Platform Module (TPM) ist ein im Computer festverbauter Chip, welcher dem Rechner zusĂ€tzliche SicherheitsfunktionalitĂ€ten auf Hardwareebene zur VerfĂŒgung stellt. Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit hatte das Team den Auftrag, ein SHA- /SHV-Paar zu erstellen, das mit Hilfe des TPMs Manipulationen am Windows SHA/SHV erkennen kann und dazu fĂŒhrt, dass der infizierte Computer nicht mehr in das Netzwerk gelassen wird. Ergebnis Mit Trusted NAP konnte die bestehende NAP-Lösung durch Trusted Computing Aspekte erfolgreich erweitert werden. Die FunktionalitĂ€t des TPMs stellt sicher, dass Systeme mit manipulierten NAP-Dateien nicht mehr in das sichere Unternehmensnetzwerk gelangen können. Auch beliebig andere Dateien auf dem Client können auf ihre UnverĂ€ndertheit getestet werden. FĂŒr Systemadministratoren wird es dadurch besser möglich, Sicherheitspolicies des Unternehmens durchzusetzen. Trusted NAP lĂ€sst sich in bestehende NAP-Umgebungen integrieren. Clientseitig vorausgesetzt ist das Vorhandensein eines TPM sowie des Betriebssystems Windows 7; serverseitig wird ein Windows Server 2008 R2 benötigt

    Trusted Network Access Control

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    Zielsetzung Das Network Access Control (NAC) stellt ein zusĂ€tzlicher Schutz fĂŒr das Netzwerk dar. Die Clients werden, bevor sie Zugriff auf die Netzwerkinfrastruktur erhalten, nach definierten Regeln geprĂŒft und erst bei bestehen dieser Kontrolle in das Netzwerk gelassen. Das Trusted Platform Module (TPM) ist ein im Computer festverbauter Chip, welcher dem Rechner zusĂ€tzliche SicherheitsfunktionalitĂ€ten auf Hardwareebene zur VerfĂŒgung stellt. Im Rahmen dieser Semesterarbeit soll sich das Team in die neue Thematik NAC und TPM einarbeiten. Es soll mit einem Proof of Concept gezeigt werden, dass sich das NAC, anhand des Microsoft Network Access Protection (NAP), sinnvoll mit dem TPM kombinieren lĂ€sst. Ergebnis Als Resultat dieser Semesterarbeit hat sich das Team erfolgreich in die Themengebiete eingearbeitet. Anhand eines Prototypen ist nun bekannt, was alles benötigt wird, um erfolgreich eigene Zulassungs-Richtlinien in das NAP-System zu integrieren. Ebenfalls wurde eine Kommunikation mit dem TPM hergestellt. Aufgrund der algorithmischen KomplexitĂ€t und der aufwendigen Kommunikation wurde das Handling mit dem TPM einwenig unterschĂ€tzt. Deshalb konnten nicht alle gewĂŒnschten FunktionalitĂ€ten umgesetzt und getestet werden. Ausblick Der jetzige Projektstand bietet eine umfassende Grundlage. Das Projekt soll deshalb als Bachelorarbeit weitergefĂŒhrt werden. Es ist geplant, dass weitere FunktionalitĂ€ten des TPMs verfĂŒgbar gemacht werden. Zudem soll das TPM in die NAC-Technologie integriert werden, um das NAC manipulationssicherer zu gestalten

    A unification of ML-optimal tree-search decoders

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    Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation: a prospective, randomized trial in emergent cases

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    When anesthesia is induced with propofol in elective cases, endotracheal intubation conditions are not different between succinylcholine and rocuronium approximately 60 s after the injection of the neuromuscular relaxant. In the present study, we investigated whether, in emergent cases, endotracheal intubation conditions obtained at the actual moment of intubation under succinylcholine differ from those obtained 60 s after the injection of rocuronium. One-hundred-eighty adult patients requiring rapid sequence induction of anesthesia for emergent surgery received propofol (1.5 mg/kg) and either rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg; endotracheal intubation 60 s after injection) or succinylcholine (1 mg/kg; endotracheal intubation as soon as possible). The time from beginning of the induction until completion of the intubation was shorter after the administration of succinylcholine than after rocuronium (median time 95 s versus 130 s; P > 0.0001). Endotracheal intubation conditions, rated with a 9-point scale, were better after succinylcholine administration than after rocuronium (8.6 +/- 1.1 versus 8.0 +/- 1.5; P > 0.001). There was no significant difference in patients with poor intubation conditions (7 versus 12) or in patients with failed first intubation attempt (4 versus 5) between the groups. We conclude that during rapid sequence induction of anesthesia in emergent cases, succinylcholine allows for a more rapid endotracheal intubation sequence and creates superior intubation conditions compared with rocuronium
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