Aftermath of Apprehension: Social Scientist\u27s Response

Gold and Williams suggest in National Study of the Aftermath of Apprehension that It appears, unfortunately, that what legal authorities commonly do upon apprehending a juvenile for his delinquent behavior is worse than not apprehending him at all. If this conclusion is correct, and it is the result of two interrelated studies, then it should influence sweeping programmatic reforms in the social institutions concerned with promoting and safeguarding the development of youth. The intent of this article is to suggest avenues available for this reform both within and beyond the juvenile justice system. Before addressing the implications of the research, however, attention is given to the methodological considerations inherent in the study itself

A Cueing Device For The Acceleration Of The Rate Of Positive Interaction

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96693/1/jaba.1970.3-257.pd

O stars and Wolf-Rayet stars

Basic information is given about O and Wolf-Rayet stars indicating how these stars are defined and what their chief observable properties are. Part 2 of the volume discussed four related themes pertaining to the hottest and most luminous stars. Presented are: an observational overview of the spectroscopic classification and extrinsic properties of O and Wolf-Rayet stars; the intrinsic parameters of luminosity, effective temperature, mass, and composition of the stars, and a discussion of their viability; stellar wind properties; and the related issues concerning the efforts of stellar radiation and wind on the immediate interstellar environment are presented

Behavioral contracting within the families of delinquents

The technique of behavioral contracting is used to strengthen the control of family and school over the behavior of delinquents. A behavioral contract is a means of scheduling the exchange of positive reinforcements among two or more persons. The use of these contracts is predicated upon four assumptions: (1) receipt of positive reinforcements in interpersonal exchanges is a privilege rather than a right; (2) effective interpersonal agreements are governed by the norm of reciprocity; (3) the value of an interpersonal exchange is a direct function of the range, rate and magnitude of the positive reinforcements mediated by that exchange; and (4) rules create freedom in interpersonal exchanges. The use of a behavioral contract with one delinquent girl is described and analyzed using Markovian methods.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33688/1/0000200.pd

A three-dimensional program for the treatment of obesity

Obesity is seen as a consequence of a positive balance of energy consumed over energy expended. The reduction of obesity is accordingly sought through the reduction in the amount of food eaten coupled with an increase in the rate at which energy is expended. Both the reduction in the rate of eating and the increase in the rate of exercise are sought through management of critical aspects of the environment. Specific recommendations are made for the behavioral treatment of obesity, with the success of the treatment seeming to depend upon the effectiveness with which environmental stimuli are brought under control rather than depending upon motivational or other personal characteristics of the overeater Pre-test data generated by the use of this procedure, coupled with the results of several recent studies appear to indicate uniquely positive results for the behavioral control of overeating.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33590/1/0000094.pd

Virus taxonomy: the database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is charged with the task of developing, refining, and maintaining a universal virus taxonomy. This task encompasses the classification of virus species and higher-level taxa according to the genetic and biological properties of their members; naming virus taxa; maintaining a database detailing the currently approved taxonomy; and providing the database, supporting proposals, and other virus-related information from an open-access, public web site. The ICTV web site (http://ictv.global) provides access to the current taxonomy database in online and downloadable formats, and maintains a complete history of virus taxa back to the first release in 1971. The ICTV has also published the ICTV Report on Virus Taxonomy starting in 1971. This Report provides a comprehensive description of all virus taxa covering virus structure, genome structure, biology and phylogenetics. The ninth ICTV report, published in 2012, is available as an open-access online publication from the ICTV web site. The current, 10th report (http://ictv.global/report/), is being published online, and is replacing the previous hard-copy edition with a completely open access, continuously updated publication. No other database or resource exists that provides such a comprehensive, fully annotated compendium of information on virus taxa and taxonomy

PAR-3 defines a central subdomain of the cortical actin cap in mouse eggs

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved partitioning defective (PAR) protein PAR-3 is pivotal for establishing and maintaining cell polarity. During mammalian oocyte maturation, the radially symmetric oocyte is transformed into a highly polarized metaphase II (MII)-arrested egg. We therefore examined several aspects of PAR-3 expression during oocyte maturation. We cloned two novel PAR-3 transcripts from an oocyte library that likely encode proteins of Mr = 73 K and 133 K that are phosphorylated during maturation. PAR-3, which is found throughout the GV-intact oocyte, becomes asymmetrically localized during meiosis. Following germinal vesicle breakdown, PAR-3 surrounds the condensing chromosomes and associates with the meiotic spindles. Prior to emission of the first and second polar bodies, PAR-3 is located within a central subdomain of the polarized actin cap, which overlies the spindle. This cortical PAR-3 localization depends on intact microfilaments. These results suggest a role for PAR-3 in establishing asymmetry in the egg and in defining the future site of polar body emission

The Carnegie Astrometric Planet Search Program

We are undertaking an astrometric search for gas giant planets and brown dwarfs orbiting nearby low mass dwarf stars with the 2.5-m du Pont telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. We have built two specialized astrometric cameras, the Carnegie Astrometric Planet Search Cameras (CAPSCam-S and CAPSCam-N), using two Teledyne Hawaii-2RG HyViSI arrays, with the cameras' design having been optimized for high accuracy astrometry of M dwarf stars. We describe two independent CAPSCam data reduction approaches and present a detailed analysis of the observations to date of one of our target stars, NLTT 48256. Observations of NLTT 48256 taken since July 2007 with CAPSCam-S imply that astrometric accuracies of around 0.3 milliarcsec per hour are achievable, sufficient to detect a Jupiter-mass companion orbiting 1 AU from a late M dwarf 10 pc away with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 4. We plan to follow about 100 nearby (primarily within about 10 pc) low mass stars, principally late M, L, and T dwarfs, for 10 years or more, in order to detect very low mass companions with orbital periods long enough to permit the existence of habitable, Earth-like planets on shorter-period orbits. These stars are generally too faint and red to be included in ground-based Doppler planet surveys, which are often optimized for FGK dwarfs. The smaller masses of late M dwarfs also yield correspondingly larger astrometric signals for a given mass planet. Our search will help to determine whether gas giant planets form primarily by core accretion or by disk instability around late M dwarf stars.Comment: 48 pages, 9 figures. in press, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacifi

Birch bark tar in early Medieval England:continuity of tradition or technological revival?

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