ИНГАЛЯЦИОННАЯ СЕДАЦИЯ У КАРДИОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ В ОТДЕЛЕНИИ ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ

From the time when special tools for delivery of volatile anesthetics in the intensive care units (ICU) became available, inhalation sedation is getting more and more popular among emergency physicians. Despite some persisting questions, it should be acknowledged that currently there are no technical problems when providing inhalation sedation. Currently, it is recognized that inhalation sedation is simple, reliable, convenient to use and it causes no significant unfavorable consequences. The above is fairly enough to recommend this method for the intensive care when it is necessary. The contemplated therapeutic properties of halogen-containing anesthetics could be an additional reason to use inhalation sedation. However, the clinical value of anesthetic pre-conditioning and anti-inflammatory effect is still doubtful. New clinical trials are needed in order to define the place of inhalation sedation in ICU.С момента появления специальных устройств для доставки летучих анестетиков в условиях палаты интенсивной терапии (ПИТ) популярность ингаляционной седации среди реаниматологов стремительно растет. Несмотря на некоторые сохраняющиеся вопросы, следует признать, что в настоящее время нет технических проблем при проведении ингаляционной седации. Сегодня признаны простота, надежность, удобство использования и отсутствие значимых неблагоприятных последствий ингаляционной седации. Этого набора вполне достаточно, чтобы рекомендовать при необходимости реализацию этого метода в отделении интенсивной терапии. Дополнительным основанием для применения ингаляционной седации могут быть предполагаемые лечебные свойства галогенсодержащих анестетиков. Однако клиническая значимость как анестетического прекондиционирования, так и противовоспалительной активности до сих пор под вопросом. Для определения реального места ингаляционной седации в ПИТ необходимы новые клинические исследования

Thermal Microelectromechanical Sensor Construction

The problem of constructing a thermal sensor based on the technology of microelectromechanical systems is solved by structural and circuit integration of capacitance-dependent and thermomechanical parts. For this, the use of a MOS transistor (capacitance-dependent part) with a gate in the form of a bimorph membrane (thermomechanical part), which performs cyclic oscillations under the influence of heating from a sensitive element and subsequent cooling, is proposed. The novelty of the proposed sensor is the provision of a frequency-dependent output signal without the use of additional generator circuits. This makes it easier to combine the sensor with digital signal processing systems and reduce the influence of transmission lines on measurement accuracy. Also, the advantages of the sensor include reduced overall dimensions, which is achieved due to the vertical integration of its elements.Model studies of the sensor are carried out and on their basis circuit and software-hardware solutions for determining the temperature of the sensitive element are proposed. It is shown that the use of logarithmic dependence to approximate the influence of the temperature of the sensitive element on the output pulse frequency of the sensor minimizes the measurement error to 3.08 %. The composition of the information and measurement system, which contains a thermal sensor, a sensor signal pre-processing circuit and measurement processing unit using the Atmega328 microcontroller on the platform of the unified ArduinoUno module, is determined. It is shown that the total error of temperature determination in the developed system does not exceed 4.18 % in the temperature range of the sensor element from 20 °C to 47 °C.The program code for the microcontroller part of the information and measurement system is developed, which occupies 12 % of the program memory and 4.9 % of the dynamic memory of the unified module.The proposed thermal microelectromechanical sensor can be used for contact measurement of the temperature of gaseous and liquid media, recording of optical radiation and microwave signal

INHALATION SEDATION IN THE PATIENTS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

From the time when special tools for delivery of volatile anesthetics in the intensive care units (ICU) became available, inhalation sedation is getting more and more popular among emergency physicians. Despite some persisting questions, it should be acknowledged that currently there are no technical problems when providing inhalation sedation. Currently, it is recognized that inhalation sedation is simple, reliable, convenient to use and it causes no significant unfavorable consequences. The above is fairly enough to recommend this method for the intensive care when it is necessary. The contemplated therapeutic properties of halogen-containing anesthetics could be an additional reason to use inhalation sedation. However, the clinical value of anesthetic pre-conditioning and anti-inflammatory effect is still doubtful. New clinical trials are needed in order to define the place of inhalation sedation in ICU