Evaluation of teat-end vacuum conditions as affected by different pulsation settings in a quarter-individual milking system

WOS: 000395042700001The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pulsation on the teat-end vacuum behaviour in a quarter individual milking system (QIMS). To meet this objective, simultaneous (SIM), alternating (ALT) and sequential (SEQ) pulsation were tested in a laboratory milking parlour. In the pulsation system SEQ four pulsators, instead of one (as in SIM) or two (as in ALT), are used. Unlike in SIM and ALT, the pulsation in each quarter is started individually. After pulsation is started in quarter one, pulsation will begin in the following quarters, each with a time delay of 25 % of the pulse duration with respect to the start of the previous quarter. Tests were performed at various flow rates (0.8 to 6.0 l/min) with the help of the wet-test method and the teat-end vacuum behaviour was observed. The lowest vacuum fluctuation of 4.4 kPa was recorded under SIM pulsation as well as the lowest vacuum reduction of 1.3 kPa. Both values were recorded at a flow of 4 l/min during the suction phase (b-phase). For SEQ and ALT pulsation, higher levels of vacuum reduction and fluctuation were measured during the suction phase at a flow rate of 4 l/min (SEQ: 7.6 / 1.8 kPa and ALT: 9.0 / 1.9 kPa). Consequently, it was concluded that SIM pulsation is the most appropriate pulsation setting when optimization for low vacuum reduction and fluctuation during the suction phase is demanded.Federal Agency for Agriculture and Nutrition (BLE)The study and the associated research project were funded by the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Nutrition (BLE), which serves as a management agency for the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) as a result of a resolution by the German Bundestag. The authors acknowledge BLE and BMEL for providing comprehensive support for the project. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank Silicon form GmbH for providing the milking system and the software for controlling its different pulsation settings

Effects of Different Milk-Tube Guidance Settings and Teat-Cup Types on the Dynamics of Teat-End Vacuum and Vacuum Fluctuations During Machine Milking

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of milk tube guidance setting and teat cup type on the dynamics of teat-end vacuum and vacuum fluctuations in quarter individual milking systems. In order to meet this objective, a series of wet tests was conducted in the laboratory. Different teat cups; AMS, BIO and RVS along with the milk tube guidance settings namely: direct tube, half-half tube and Y-piece tube system with varying tube inside diameters were tested at different water flow rates. The data obtained from the wet-test measurements were used to calculate the teat-end vacuum and vacuum fluctuation at the teat-old in b and d- phase. From the study conducted, it was found that the teat-end vacuum in BIO is always between the range of 32 and 42 kPa as recommended by DIN ISO 5707 (2010a) at any flow rate for all three types of connections. The teat-end vacuum for RVS was between 32-42 kPa range if the flow rate varies between 4 and 6 L min(-1) for both, the direct and the half-half connection. The Y-piece connection meets DIN ISO 5707 (2010a) requirements once the flow rate changes between 2 and 6 L min(-1). The findings about milk tube inside diameter indicated that the use of 14 or 16 mm milk tube diameter for BIO will provide better teat-end vacuum if the recommended value of 10 mm is used. On the other hand, the use of 16 mm milk tube diameter was found to be appropriate for AMS as recommended by the manufacturer. For the RVS, the appropriate milk tube diameter should be 14 mm when statistical differences in b and d-phase are examined from the point of teat-end vacuum and vacuum fluctuations