Olive growing in Dalmatian inland

Unutrašnjost Dalmacije je područje između planinskih masiva Velebita, Dinare i Kamešnice sa sjevera te brdsko planinskih lanaca Kozjak, Mosor i Biokovo na jugu koji stvaraju prirodnu prepreku između ovog prostora i obalnog dijela Dalmacije. Cijelo područje Unutrašnjosti Dalmacije na osnovi pedoloških i klimatskih karakteristika može se podijeliti u šest zasebnih cjelina. Poljoprivredna proizvodnja je tradicionalna djelatnost stanovništva ovog područja, a glavne poljoprivredne grane su stočarstvo, vinogradarstvo i ratarstvo. Iako se u ovom području mogu pronaći veoma stara stabla masline, maslina nije tradicionalna kultura niti ona predstavlja značajniji gospodarski potencijal. Analizom klimatskih prilika, a prvenstveno temperatura zraka koje su ograničavajući čimbenik uzgoja masline, može se zaključiti kako je najhladnije područje Sinja, a najtoplije područje Ravnih kotara. Učestalost pojave niskih temperatura u području Sinja tijekom zimskog mirovanja i ranog proljeća od 41 % u travnju do 83 % u veljači ukazuje na činjenicu nemogućnosti uzgoja masline. Unatoč ovoj činjenici u cijelom području unutrašnjosti Dalmacije postoje mikrolokacije na kojima je moguć uzgoj masline uz određena manja ograničenja. Najčešće su to područja nekadašnjih vinograda. Svakako, prije donošenja odluke o sadnji masline potrebno je detaljno analizirati klimatske prilike svake pojedine mikrolokacije.Dalmatian inland is surrounded by mountain ranges of Velebit, Dinara and Kamešnica inthe north, and hilly mountain ranges of Kozjak and Mosor in the south that separate this area from the coast. On the basis of soil and climate characteristics the whole Dalmatian inland can be divided into six separate entities. Agricultural production is traditionally main economic activity of which livestock farming, viticulture and farming are traditional activities of the inhabitants in this area. Although in this area very ancient olive trees could be found, olive growing is not traditional and it does not represent a significant economic potential. According to the analysis of climatic conditions, mainly temperature as a restricting factor for olive growing, it can be concluded that the coldest region is Sinj, and the warmest are Ravni kotari. The incidence of low temperatures in the region of Sinj during winter and early spring, 41% in April to 83% in February, points out the the inability for olive growing. However, in the whole area of the Dalmatian inland some micro-locations could be suitable for olive growing with smaller limitation. Most often these are sites of former vineyards. In any case, it is necessary to analyze in detail the climatic conditions of each micro-location before making any decision on olive planting

Olive growing in Dalmatian inland

Unutrašnjost Dalmacije je područje između planinskih masiva Velebita, Dinare i Kamešnice sa sjevera te brdsko planinskih lanaca Kozjak, Mosor i Biokovo na jugu koji stvaraju prirodnu prepreku između ovog prostora i obalnog dijela Dalmacije. Cijelo područje Unutrašnjosti Dalmacije na osnovi pedoloških i klimatskih karakteristika može se podijeliti u šest zasebnih cjelina. Poljoprivredna proizvodnja je tradicionalna djelatnost stanovništva ovog područja, a glavne poljoprivredne grane su stočarstvo, vinogradarstvo i ratarstvo. Iako se u ovom području mogu pronaći veoma stara stabla masline, maslina nije tradicionalna kultura niti ona predstavlja značajniji gospodarski potencijal. Analizom klimatskih prilika, a prvenstveno temperatura zraka koje su ograničavajući čimbenik uzgoja masline, može se zaključiti kako je najhladnije područje Sinja, a najtoplije područje Ravnih kotara. Učestalost pojave niskih temperatura u području Sinja tijekom zimskog mirovanja i ranog proljeća od 41 % u travnju do 83 % u veljači ukazuje na činjenicu nemogućnosti uzgoja masline. Unatoč ovoj činjenici u cijelom području unutrašnjosti Dalmacije postoje mikrolokacije na kojima je moguć uzgoj masline uz određena manja ograničenja. Najčešće su to područja nekadašnjih vinograda. Svakako, prije donošenja odluke o sadnji masline potrebno je detaljno analizirati klimatske prilike svake pojedine mikrolokacije.Dalmatian inland is surrounded by mountain ranges of Velebit, Dinara and Kamešnica inthe north, and hilly mountain ranges of Kozjak and Mosor in the south that separate this area from the coast. On the basis of soil and climate characteristics the whole Dalmatian inland can be divided into six separate entities. Agricultural production is traditionally main economic activity of which livestock farming, viticulture and farming are traditional activities of the inhabitants in this area. Although in this area very ancient olive trees could be found, olive growing is not traditional and it does not represent a significant economic potential. According to the analysis of climatic conditions, mainly temperature as a restricting factor for olive growing, it can be concluded that the coldest region is Sinj, and the warmest are Ravni kotari. The incidence of low temperatures in the region of Sinj during winter and early spring, 41% in April to 83% in February, points out the the inability for olive growing. However, in the whole area of the Dalmatian inland some micro-locations could be suitable for olive growing with smaller limitation. Most often these are sites of former vineyards. In any case, it is necessary to analyze in detail the climatic conditions of each micro-location before making any decision on olive planting

Physiological phase of mother tree as a relevant rooting factor of olive tree

Vrijeme uzimanja reznica masline ima značajnog utjecaja na proces rizogeneze. S ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja vremena uzimanja reznica provedeno je istraživanje u kojem smo varirali tri roka uzimanja reznica: mjesec srpanj, kolovoz i rujan i tri domaće sorte Levantinku, Drobnicu i Istarsku bjelicu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je najbolji uspjeh ukorjenjivanja postignut s reznicama uzetim u rujnu, a najslabiji u srpnju. Nije bilo statistički značajnih razlika u broju i duljini korjenčića između različitih vremena uzimanja reznica iako je najveća vrijednost zabilježena u rujnu.The process of rhisogenesis is highly dependent on appropriate time sampling of olive cuttings. With the aim of determining the most convenient time for olive cutting sampling in the rooting process, an experiment with three domestic olive cultivars: Levantinka, Drobnica and Istarska bjelica, was conducted . Their cuttings were collected and put to root during July, August and Semptember. The best rooting results were obtained with the cuttings collected during Semptember, but poor results were obtained with cuttings taken in July. There was no significant differences in the root number and length developed from cuttings collected in different time period, although the highest value was obtained in Semptember

Regeneration models for old, neglected and burned olive trees

Vijek ekonomskog korištenja masline je oko 50 godina. Nakon tog razdoblja bilo bi potrebno provesti obnovu stabala. Osim obnove koja se provodi zbog starosti stabala, maslinu je potrebno obnavljati i zbog oštećanja nastalih požarom ili studeni. Postoje tri modela obnove oštećenog stabla: model obnove na panj, model obnove u krošnju i model obnove pojačanom rezidbom. Koji model će se primijeniti ovisi o razlogu zbog kojeg provodimo obnovu i o stupnju oštećenja stabla. Radi neravnoteže između korjenovog sustava i nadzemnog dijela obnovljena stabla imaju intenzivan rast te tako veoma brzo dolaze u produktivnu dob. U starim nasadima masline pri provedbi zahvata obnove potrebno je obaviti nadosadnju drugim sortama i sortama oprašivačima. Za kvalitetnu obnovu potrebno je u obnovljenim nasadima provoditi pojačanu ishranu i redovitu agrotehniku obnovljenih stabala.Period of economic exploitation of olive-growes is about 50 years. After that period it would be necessary to realise the regeneration of tree. Beside regeneration of old age olive trees it is also necessary to conduct regeneration of trees damaged by fire or cold. There are three models of tree regeneration: regeneration model on trunk, regeneration model of tree top and regeneration model by intensive cutting. The model that should be applied is dependent on reason that caused necessity for regeneration and also dependent on stage of tree damage. Imbalance between root system and above-ground part of plant causes intensive growth of regenerated tree and fast transition to reproductive period. In old olive-growes additional-planting with another cultivars and pollinators is recommended. For quality final regeneration of olive trees intensified application of plant nutrition and regularly agrotechnics is required

Morphological characteristics of two perspective carob types (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from island of Vis

Proizvodnja rogača u Hrvatskoj ima veoma dugu tradiciju ali nikada kroz povijest uzgoja nije imala mjesto koje ova kultura zaslužuje s obzirom na kakvoću i iskoristivost ploda. Posebno je zabrinjavajuća činjenica veoma slabog poznavanja domaćeg sortimenta rogača. S ciljem vrednovanja i unaprjeđenja ove kulture započeli smo projekt odabira rogača iz populacija s otoka Visa. Prema priloženoj metodologiji istraživanja odabrali smo dva fenotipa koje smo opisali s fenološkog, morfološkog, pomološkog i agronomskog aspekta. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje veoma velike varijabilnosti svojstava u izvornim populacijama.Production of carub in Croatia has very long tradition, however throughout history of breeding, it did not have a place that it deserves, considering the quality and use of its fruits. The lack of knowledge of domestic assortment is especially troubling. With the goal of evaluating and furthering this culture, we started the project of carob selection from natural population of the Island of Vis. According to enclosed research methodology we selected two phenotypes, which we described from phenological, morphological, pomological and agricultural aspect. Research results show that there is a great variability in characteristics of natural populations