The Effect of a Hydrocarbon Fragment in a Molecule on Depressant Activity of Resins

The effect of resins on solidification of paraffin solutions has been studied by vibration viscosimetry. This technique was used for studies of coagulating liquids, since the sample structure is less affected by mechanical oscillations compared to traditional rotary and linear shears. The installation developed for studies of thermo-induced phase transitions and the measurement procedure are described. The viscosimetric technique allows continuous registration of rheological properties with changing temperature, and has proved to be quite sensitive to small amounts of resins in model paraffin solutions. Measurements have been performed for resins extracted from methane-naphtene crudes of various West Siberia oil deposits. Dependencies of viscosity on temperature have been measured and are presented below for various concentrations of resins (up to 3 %) in paraffin solutions. It is demonstrated that increase of resin concentration results in a shift of the inflexion point on the viscosity-temperature curve to lower temperatures. A positive correlation has been found between depressant activity and average dimensions of aliphatic fragments of the resin molecul

FlyBase: integration and improvements to query tools

FlyBase (http://flybase.org) is the primary resource for molecular and genetic information on the Drosophilidae. The database serves researchers of diverse backgrounds and interests, and offers several different query tools to provide efficient access to the data available and facilitate the discovery of significant relationships within the database. Recently, FlyBase has developed Interactions Browser and enhanced GBrowse, which are graphical query tools, and made improvements to the search tools QuickSearch and QueryBuilder. Furthermore, these search tools have been integrated with Batch Download and new analysis tools through a more flexible search results list, providing powerful ways of exploring the data in FlyBase

Эффективность применения модификаций препарата Суперстим в малых дозах на этапе адаптации микрорастений жимолости (Lonicera L.) подсекции синей (Caeruleae Rehd.) к нестерильным условиям с учетом последействия на этапе доращивания

Relevance. In recent years, interest in the edible honeysuckle culture has increased in Russia, the wide distribution of which is hampered by the lack of quality planting material. The technology of clonal micropropagation allows for a short time to obtain a large amount of honeysuckle planting material, more than a thousand regenerated plants per year from one meristematic apex introduced into an in vitro culture. It is hundreds of times more than in traditional methods of vegetative propagation. Adaptation to non-sterile conditions is the final and most crucial stage of clonal micropropagation, the loss of which can be from 50 to 90%. It should be noted that there is practically no research on how the further development of adapted honeysuckle plants takes place during subsequent growing.Methods. Researching of growth regulators of the new generation Superstim 1 and Superstim 2 effect in low and ultra-low doses on the survival rates and development of honeysuckle plants at the stages of adaptation subsequent growing.Results. Superstim 1 is more effective at physiological concentrations – 1 x 10-7 and in the field of ultra-low doses – 1 x 10-14, 1 x 10-15%. At the stage of subsequent growing, a positive after-effect of physiological concentrations – 1x10-3 and 1x10-7 was observed, and an ultra-low dose – 1x10-17%. The growth regulator Superstim 2 at the stages of adaptation and subsequent growing is effectively used only in one concentration – 1x10-16%. The additional foliar treatments at the stage of subsequent growing are not necessary. Актуальность. В последние годы в России увеличивается интерес к культуре жимолости съедобной, широкое распространение которой сдерживается из-за дефицита качественного посадочного материала. Технология клонального микроразмножения позволяет за короткий срок получить большое количество посадочного материала жимолости, более тысячи растений-регенерантов в год из одного введенного в культуру in vitro меристематического апекса, что в сотни раз больше, чем при использовании традиционных методов вегетативного размножения. Адаптация к нестерильным условиям является заключительным и наиболее ответственным этапом клонального микроразмножения, потери на котором могут составлять от 50 до 90% мериклонов. Следует отметить, что практически нет исследований о том, каким образом происходит дальнейшее развитие адаптированных растений жимолости при доращивании.Методика. Проведено изучение влияния препаратов нового поколения Суперстим 1 и Суперстим 2 в малых и сверхмалых дозах на показатели приживаемости и развития растений жимолости на этапах адаптации и доращивания.Результаты. Выявлено, что препарат Суперстим 1 более эффективен в физиологической концентрации – 1x10-7% и в области сверхмалых доз – 1x10-14, 1x10-15%. На этапе доращивания выявлено положительное последействие физиологических концентраций – 1x10-3, 1x10-7%, и сверхмалой дозы – 1x10-17%. Препарат Суперстим 2 на этапах адаптации и доращивания эффективно применять только в одной концентрации – 1x10-16%. В дополнительных некорневых обработках на этапе доращивания нет необходимости.

Несезонное производство ягодной продукции малины красной в условиях отапливаемых зимних теплиц

Relevance. Currently, in many countries of the world, the production of non-season raspberry berry products has become widespread. Recently, interest in this technology has arisen in Russia, which has great prospects for the development of industrial gardening. In our opinion, it is promising to develop elements of technology for the non-seasonal production of red raspberries, propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation with a traditional and remontant type of fruiting in the conditions of winter heated greenhouses.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of clonal micropropagation of garden plants in the fruit growing laboratory of RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev. The objects of research were varieties of red raspberries with a traditional (variety Volnitsa) and remontant (varieties Orangevoe Chudo and Bryanskoe Divo) type of fruiting. The experimental plants were propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation and grown before distillation in open and protected ground; plants propagated by root offspring served as control. Experimental plants were planted in open ground for growing in mid-May, in mid-October they were transplanted into 10 liter containers and transferred to protected ground conditions. Then put in the refrigerator compartment with a temperature of + 1 ... + 5°C. For distillation, the raspberry repairing plants were exposed in the winter heated greenhouse on January 20, while the shoots of replacing the aboveground system were normalized: without normalization, 3 shoots per plant, complete pruning of the aboveground system. Raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting were exposed in a winter heated greenhouse in three periods on January 20, February 10, March 2. Accounting for the passage of the phenological phases of development and yield was made for 3 months every 5 days.Results. In the conditions of winter heated greenhouses, efficiency has been shown and elements of technology for non-season production of raspberry berries remontant and berries with a traditional type of fruiting, propagated in vitro and grown before open field distillation are developed. It was revealed that it is necessary to normalize the shoots before distillation of raspberry remontant, and the optimal timing for the start of distillation for raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting has been established.Актуальность. В настоящее время во многих странах мира широкое распространение получило производство несезонной ягодной продукции малины. В последнее время интерес к данной технологии возник и в России, что имеет большие перспективы для развития промышленного садоводства. На наш взгляд, перспективно разрабатывать элементы технологии несезонного производства ягод малины красной, размноженной методом клонального микроразмножения с традиционным и ремонтантным типом плодоношения в условиях зимних отапливаемых теплиц.Материал и методика. Опыты проводили в лаборатории клонального микроразмножения садовых растений лаборатории плодоводства РГАУ-МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева. Объектами исследований служили сорта малины красной с традиционным (сорт Вольница) и ремонтантным (сорта Оранжевое чудо и Брянское диво) типом плодоношения. Опытные растения были размножены методом клонального микроразмножения и выращены перед выгонкой в открытом и защищенном грунте, контролем служили растения, размноженные корневыми отпрысками. В открытый грунт растения были высажены в середине мая, в середине октября их пересадили в контейнеры объемом 10 л и перенесли в условия защищенного грунта. Затем выставили в холодильный отсек с температурой 1…5°C. Для выгонки растения малины ремонтантной выставляли в зимнюю отапливаемую теплицу 20 января, при этом производили нормировку побегов замещения надземной системы: без нормировки, 3 побега на растение, полная обрезка надземной системы. Малину с традиционным типом плодоношения выставляли в зимнюю отапливаемую теплицу в три срока 20 января, 10 февраля, 2 марта. Учеты прохождения фенологических фаз развития и поступления урожая производили в течение 3 месяцев через каждые 5 дней.Результаты. В условиях зимних отапливаемых теплиц показана эффективность и разработаны элементы технологии несезонного производства ягод малины ремонтантной и с традиционным типом плодоношения, размноженных in vitro и выращенных перед выгонкой в открытом грунте. Выявлено, что необходимо провести нормировку побегов перед выгонкой малины ремонтантной и установлены оптимальные сроки начала выгонки для малины с традиционным типом плодоношения

EEG Microstate Analysis in Drug-Naive Patients with Panic Disorder

Patients with panic disorder (PD) have a bias to respond to normal stimuli in a fearful way. This may be due to the preactivation of fear-associated networks prior to stimulus perception. Based on EEG, we investigated the difference between patients with PD and normal controls in resting state activity using features of transiently stable brain states (microstates). EEGs from 18 drug-naive patients and 18 healthy controls were analyzed. Microstate analysis showed that one class of microstates (with a right-anterior to left-posterior orientation of the mapped field) displayed longer durations and covered more of the total time in the patients than controls. Another microstate class (with a symmetric, anterior-posterior orientation) was observed less frequently in the patients compared to controls. The observation that selected microstate classes differ between patients with PD and controls suggests that specific brain functions are altered already during resting condition. The altered resting state may be the starting point of the observed dysfunctional processing of phobic stimuli

The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023

The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology.org) is a comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins and noncoding RNAs). GO annotations cover genes from organisms across the tree of life as well as viruses, though most gene function knowledge currently derives from experiments carried out in a relatively small number of model organisms. Here, we provide an updated overview of the GO knowledgebase, as well as the efforts of the broad, international consortium of scientists that develops, maintains, and updates the GO knowledgebase. The GO knowledgebase consists of three components: (1) the GO-a computational knowledge structure describing the functional characteristics of genes; (2) GO annotations-evidence-supported statements asserting that a specific gene product has a particular functional characteristic; and (3) GO Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs)-mechanistic models of molecular "pathways" (GO biological processes) created by linking multiple GO annotations using defined relations. Each of these components is continually expanded, revised, and updated in response to newly published discoveries and receives extensive QA checks, reviews, and user feedback. For each of these components, we provide a description of the current contents, recent developments to keep the knowledgebase up to date with new discoveries, and guidance on how users can best make use of the data that we provide. We conclude with future directions for the project

The Gene Ontology resource: enriching a GOld mine

The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) provides the most comprehensive resource currently available for computable knowledge regarding the functions of genes and gene products. Here, we report the advances of the consortium over the past two years. The new GO-CAM annotation framework was notably improved, and we formalized the model with a computational schema to check and validate the rapidly increasing repository of 2838 GO-CAMs. In addition, we describe the impacts of several collaborations to refine GO and report a 10% increase in the number of GO annotations, a 25% increase in annotated gene products, and over 9,400 new scientific articles annotated. As the project matures, we continue our efforts to review older annotations in light of newer findings, and, to maintain consistency with other ontologies. As a result, 20 000 annotations derived from experimental data were reviewed, corresponding to 2.5% of experimental GO annotations. The website (http://geneontology.org) was redesigned for quick access to documentation, downloads and tools. To maintain an accurate resource and support traceability and reproducibility, we have made available a historical archive covering the past 15 years of GO data with a consistent format and file structure for both the ontology and annotations

The main directions of furniture design development

In the article perspective directions of development of furniture design are reviewed and revealed based on analysis of current conditions and trends of its evolution, including the following basics: providing consumers with a wide choice of different furniture considering the vital needs and incomes of different groups of the population; a further research of new ergonomic solutions in furniture design; development and implementation of new environmentally friendly and durable materials in furniture, that ensure the health of a person; search for new and improving modern structures and materials, the use of universal and transforming furniture; introduction of innovative methods, including information technology and software management of furniture; a comprehensive consideration of the different aestethic tastes of consumers taking into account the different socio-cultural traditions. This structuring of the prospects of the development of furniture opens up the possibility of a comprehensive approach for the predicted directions of creating high-quality furniture in the near future, and will contribute to the most reliable sources defining the requirements and conditions of their realization in modern architectural environment