11 research outputs found
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The chlorination of uric acid with phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of certain nitrogenous bases
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Natural iodine and iodine-129 in mammalian thyroids and environmental samples taken from locations in the United States
From symposium on enviromnental surveillance around nuclear installation; Warsaw, Poland (5 Nov 1973). Bovine and other mammalian thyroids, air, precipitation, water, grass, and milk samples from selected locations were analyzed for their natural iodine and iodine-129 content. Particle filters and activated charcoal beds were used to collect the particulate and gaseous iodine fractions from the air. Anion exchange was used for the separation of iodine from liquid samples. Cumbustion methods were used for iodine separation from solid samples, anlon exchange resins, and air filters. Iodine-129 and natural iodine concentrations were determined by neutron activation analysis with a detection limit of about 10/sup 8/ atoms of iodine-129 per sample. Analytical results of both /sup 129/I concentrations and ratios of atoms of /sup 129/I per atom of /sup 127/I for these samples are summarized. The small radiation doses to human thyroids projected from these low /sup 129/I concentrations are also discussed. (auth
Measurement of Trace I-129 Concentrations in CsI Powder and Organic Liquid Scintillator with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Levels of trace radiopurity in active detector materials is a subject of
major concern in low-background experiments. Procedures were devised to measure
trace concentrations of I-129 in the inorganic salt CsI as well as in organic
liquid scintillator with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) which leads to
improvement in sensitivities by several orders of magnitude over other methods.
No evidence of their existence in these materials were observed. Limits of < 6
X 10^{-13} g/g and < 2.6 X 10^{-17} g/g on the contaminations of I-129 in CsI
and liquid scintillator, respectively, were derived.These are the first results
in a research program whose goals are to develop techniques to measure trace
radioactivity in detector materials by AMS.Comment: Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass
Spectrometr
The Politics of Abortion in France and the United States: A Case Study on the Laws, Legislation, Activism, and Advocacy that Determined Abortion Laws Today
Abortion is one of the most pertinent issues to women’s health and reproductive rights. This paper aims first to provide the historical and legal context for abortion laws in both France and the United States, examining each country separately to understand the legal progression of abortion rights since the nineteenth century. This paper will then discuss the activism and advocacy for abortion and women’s rights in each country from the nineteenth century on, demonstrating how this led to the passing of abortion rights legislation in each country. Lastly, this paper will focus on differences in politics, religion, women’s rights, and women’s health between the two countries to analyze how their perspectives differ and why abortion laws have become what they are today. Overall, this paper demonstrates that abortion is an essential right for women all over the world, and that through looking at these two countries it is clear why abortion must be free, safe, and legal rather than continuing to be restricted
Interference control in low-level /sup 129/I analysis
Neutron activation analysis for /sup 129/I at levels close to the detection limit requires consideration of radionuclide and nuclear reaction interferences. Low-level gamma-ray spectrometer methods for detection and measurement of interferences have been developed. Procedures which control or eliminate potential /sup 129/I measurement errors during pre-irradiation separation, neutron activation, post-irradiation separation, radiation counting and data analysis are needed
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Tellurium interference in /sup 129/I activation analysis
Measurement of /sup 129/I at low levels is required for effluent control, environmental assessment and tracer studies in the natural environment. Low level /sup 129/I analysis has also been used for measurement of natural-fission-produced /sup 129/I in minerals and ores as well as meteorites. The most sensitive method for /sup 129/I measurements is neutron activation analysis of iodine separated from a suitable sample. Minimum sample processing prior to neutron activation is desirable in order to reduce chances of sample contamination with uranium or /sup 129/I. A potential interference in the activation analysis method is the production of /sup 129/I (/sup 130/I) from Te impurities in the irradiated ampoule. Procedures have been developed and applied to measurement of the magnitude of the potential Te interference. One-tenth of a microgram of Te in the irradiated ampoule is sufficient to produce interference in the analysis. This is detectable by either radiochemical Te measurements or by /sup 131/I detection in the iodine fraction from the irradiated ampoule. This paper discusses the procedures and results of Te interference studies in /sup 129/I activation analysis. The interference was found to be insignificant for most analyses. 5 tables