Transição agroecológica: construção participativa do conhecimento para a sustentabilidade: projeto macroprograma 1: resultados de atividades 2009-2010.

A trajetória da Agroecologia na Embrapa possui dois momentos marcantes, que contribuíram para a consolidação do tema na agenda da instituição. O lançamento do Marco Referencial em Agroecologia em 2006, que contribuiu para a institucionalização da Agroecologia na Embrapa, e a aprovação do projeto "Transição Agroecológica: Construção participativa do conhecimento para a sustentabilidade", em 2008, que concretizou essa institucionalização. Esta história, ainda que parcial, está contada no Relatório de Atividades do Projeto Transição Agroecológica no período 2009-2010. Muitos dos resultados aqui apresentados ainda carecem de complementação, a ser buscada com a continuidade dos trabalhos a serem desenvolvidos nos dois anos subsequentes do projeto. No entanto, não se teve qualquer dúvida quanto à validade de se lançar este relatório, mesmo que parcial, narrando os avanços já obtidos. É um registro pioneiro, que serve para análise e reflexão da própria equipe do projeto e que traz para a comunidade técnico-científica dados que, sem dúvida, contribuem para abreviar o caminho a ser percorrido durante a jornada da transição agroecológica.bitstream/item/65201/1/15775.pd

Assessing attitude revision in an online sample

Previous research on attitudes toward homosexuals utilized vignettes presented in a holistic fashion to participants (Batson, Floyd, Meyer, & Winner, 1999; Bassett et al., 2002; Mak & Tsang, 2008). In these vignettes, participants learned of a person’s sexual orientation and their sexual behavior. The present study implemented a methodological change which allows for a clearer understanding of a person’s attitudes toward a homosexual person and toward homosexuality. The vignettes that were administered holistically in previous studies were separated into two critical pieces – one detailing the sexual orientation of the target and the other detailing the sexual behavior of the target. The present study extended the findings of previous research by addressing three novel questions. First, what are people’s attitudes toward a person who revealed that they are either homosexual or heterosexual and are those attitudes affected by later learning that the person is promiscuous or celibate? Second, whether the content of a person’s religious beliefs affect these attitudes? Third, if people do revise their initial attitudes toward a homosexual person after learning that they are celibate? The data support the first hypothesis – participants did revise their attitudes after learning the target’s sexual behavior. The results also support the second hypothesis. Christian Orthodoxy did accentuate the effects of attitude revision. The third hypothesis was supported by the data – devout Christians liked a celibate person more than a promiscuous person regardless of the person’s sexual orientation

Elevated Levels of the Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Precede the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes: The Whitehall II Study

OBJECTIVE—Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of interleukin-1β, has been shown to improve β-cell function and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline systemic levels of IL-1Ra are associated with incident type 2 diabetes during more than 10 years of follow-up

Meal-derived glucagon responses are related to lower hepatic phosphate concentrations in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Aim. - Type 2 diabetes (T2D) alters glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and hepatic energy metabolism, yet the possible relationships remain unclear.Methods. - In this observational study, lean insulin-sensitive control subjects (BMI: 23.2 +/- 1.5 kg/m(2)), age-matched insulin-resistant obese subjects (BMI: 34.3 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)) and similarly obese elderly T2D patients (BMI: 32.0 +/- 2.4 kg/m(2)) underwent mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs), and assessment of hepatic gamma ATP, inorganic phosphate (P-i) and lipids using P-31/H-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Meal-induced secretion of glucagon and incretins was calculated from incremental areas under the concentration-time curves (iAUCs). Peripheral and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity were assessed from time courses of circulating glucose, insulin and free fatty acids.Results. - MMTT-derived peripheral insulin sensitivity was lowest in T2D patients (P &lt;0.001), while glucagon concentrations were comparable across all three groups. At 260 min, GLP-1 was lower in T2D patients than in controls, whereas GIP was lowest in obese individuals. Fasting glucagon concentrations correlated positively with fasting (r = 0.60) and postprandial hepatocellular lipid levels (160 min: r= 0.51, 240 min: r = 0.59), and negatively with adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (r = -0.73). Higher meal-induced glucagon release (iAUC(0)(-260) (min)) correlated with lower fasting (r = -0.62) and postprandial P(i )levels (160 min: r = -0.43, 240 min: r = -0.42; all P &lt;0.05). Higher meal-induced release of GIP (iAUC(0-260) (min)) correlated positively with fasting (r = 0.54) and postprandial serum triglyceride concentrations (iAUC(0-260 min, )r = 0.54; all P &lt;0.01).Conclusion. - Correlations between fasting glucagon and hepatic lipids and between meal-induced glucagon and hepatic P-i suggest a role for glucagon in hepatic energy metabolism. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p