Beyond ‘peer pressure’: rethinking drug use and ‘youth culture’

The study of drug use by young people in the West has been transformed over the last decade by the development of sociological approaches to drug use which take serious account of the cultural context in which young people encounter drugs. One consequence is that the notion of ‘peer pressure’, as the primary articulation of the engagement between youth culture and drug use, has been displaced by that of ‘normalisation’, which envisages ‘recreational’ drug use as one expression of consumer-based youth cultural lifestyles. In stark contrast, academic discussion of drug use in Russia remains primarily concerned with the prevalence and health consequences of (intravenous) drug use while explanations of rising rates of drug use focus on structural factors related to the expansion of drugs supply and, to a lesser extent, post-Soviet social and economic dislocation. In this article, original empirical research in Russia is used to develop an understanding of young people's drug use that synthesises structural and cultural explanations of it. It does this by situating young people's narratives of their drugs choices in the context of local drugs markets and broader socio-economic processes. However, it attempts to go beyond seeing structural location as simply a ‘constraint’ on individual choice by adopting an understanding of ‘youth culture’ as a range of youth cultural practices and formations that simultaneously embody, reproduce and negotiate the structural locations of their subjects

PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPING AN INVESTMENT PROJECT TO PROMOTE AN ENTERPRISE BRAND

The article discusses the main features of the development of an investment project to promote the brand of an enterprise. The purpose of any investment is to increase capital. Many companies are wary of investing heavily in promotion, as there is a high risk that the promotion will be ineffective. It is necessary to carry out a lot of preliminary work in order to analyze the economic benefits of investments, determine the term and size of deposits, take into account all the risks and calculate the company’s profitability. For this, investment projects are being developed to promote the brand. The main features of such investment projects are: – research of the effectiveness of the company’s efforts using marketing analysis methods; – the flexibility of the project, the ability to adapt it to changes in the external and internal environment without risks and losses; – the difficulty of predicting the real results of using certain marketing tools; – the need to test marketing activities in practice; – without big risks. To study the topic of the article in practice, a project was developed to promote the brand of LLP “Stoma-K”. LLP “Stoma-K” is a dental clinic that is currently unprofitable, but has great potential for development. The reasons for the negative financial results are a change in ownership, an outflow of material and labor resources, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, due to which the clinic did not function for several months in 2020. The developed investment project will grow the company’s net profit through the implementation of certain marketing activities. To confirm the hypothesis and calculate the expected effect of marketing implementation, a test advertising campaign was carried out, which was financed from the personal funds of the head of the clinic. The ad campaign resulted in a 23% increase in monthly revenue and a 20% increase in dental workload. The implementation of the investment project predicts an increase in net profit from 100% in the first year to 20% annually, taking into account expenses. To implement the project in the first year of promotion, investment in the amount of 6 182.4 thousand tenge are required. According to calculations, the payback period of the project is 4 months. The developed investment project can be considered like effective, since even during the test period it showed positive results. Despite the fact that investment promotion projects are not widespread at present and are not yet widely considered in scientific papers, we predict that in the future their popularity will grow due to the growing importance of marketing in modern conditions. Such projects have some peculiarities, but their development and implementation are generally identical to other types of investment projects

Longitudinal changes in the incidence of glaucoma in Uzbekistan

Background: Glaucoma is not only one of the most common, but also one of the most severe chronic and progressive eye diseases. Therefore, the disease is a relevant problem in ophthalmology and a leading cause of reduced vision and irreversible blindness. Purpose: To assess the incidence of glaucoma in the republic and the city of Tashkent, and predict disease incidence for the subsequent decade. Material and Methods: The report of the Ministry of Health “On the numbers of diseases and registered patients residing in the primary service area of the medical facility» and national statistical collections (“Statistical materials on the activities of healthcare institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan”) for 2010-2019 were studied to determine the incidence of glaucoma and the relevant characteristics in the republic. Results: These materials allowed us to obtain the data on annual incidences of newly diagnosed cases and annual incidences of first visits of previously diagnosed cases of glaucoma in adults (i.e., individuals older than age 19) in the regions of the country for 2010 to 2019 years. The prediction of the incidence of glaucoma in the republic of Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent necessitates organizational and treatment-and-diagnostic measures for combating the disease, these measures being of a social and medical importance

Testing Results of Basic Educational Professional Master Module “The Organization of Educational Process in Preschool Organization”

The article describes the testing results of module "The organization of educational process in preschool organization" in a basic professional educational master program in some universities of Russia. It proves the necessity to develop the program of the educational module "The organization of educational process in preschool organization". We approved its theoretical originality and practical significance and analyzed the module structure as an integrated set of compulsory general scientific and professional subjects, workshops, practical training and research. The article also contains basic educational adjusted results of the module, describes testing results of preparatory and main module stages. We summarized the data of intermediate and summative assessment for the development of modules learning outcomes; the testing results of the module in the universities participating in the project. Finally, we concluded about using the module in an integrated model of professional teachers training for preschool education.</jats:p

Testing Results of Basic Educational Professional Master Module “The Organization of Educational Process in Preschool Organization”

The article describes the testing results of module "The organization of educational process in preschool organization" in a basic professional educational master program in some universities of Russia. It proves the necessity to develop the program of the educational module "The organization of educational process in preschool organization". We approved its theoretical originality and practical significance and analyzed the module structure as an integrated set of compulsory general scientific and professional subjects, workshops, practical training and research. The article also contains basic educational adjusted results of the module, describes testing results of preparatory and main module stages. We summarized the data of intermediate and summative assessment for the development of modules learning outcomes; the testing results of the module in the universities participating in the project. Finally, we concluded about using the module in an integrated model of professional teachers training for preschool education

PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPING AN INVESTMENT PROJECT TO PROMOTE AN ENTERPRISE BRAND

The article discusses the main features of the development of an investment project to promote the brand of an enterprise. The purpose of any investment is to increase capital. Many companies are wary of investing heavily in promotion, as there is a high risk that the promotion will be ineffective. It is necessary to carry out a lot of preliminary work in order to analyze the economic benefits of investments, determine the term and size of deposits, take into account all the risks and calculate the company’s profitability. For this, investment projects are being developed to promote the brand. The main features of such investment projects are: – research of the effectiveness of the company’s efforts using marketing analysis methods; – the flexibility of the project, the ability to adapt it to changes in the external and internal environment without risks and losses; – the difficulty of predicting the real results of using certain marketing tools; – the need to test marketing activities in practice; – without big risks. To study the topic of the article in practice, a project was developed to promote the brand of LLP “Stoma-K”. LLP “Stoma-K” is a dental clinic that is currently unprofitable, but has great potential for development. The reasons for the negative financial results are a change in ownership, an outflow of material and labor resources, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, due to which the clinic did not function for several months in 2020. The developed investment project will grow the company’s net profit through the implementation of certain marketing activities. To confirm the hypothesis and calculate the expected effect of marketing implementation, a test advertising campaign was carried out, which was financed from the personal funds of the head of the clinic. The ad campaign resulted in a 23% increase in monthly revenue and a 20% increase in dental workload. The implementation of the investment project predicts an increase in net profit from 100% in the first year to 20% annually, taking into account expenses. To implement the project in the first year of promotion, investment in the amount of 6 182.4 thousand tenge are required. According to calculations, the payback period of the project is 4 months. The developed investment project can be considered like effective, since even during the test period it showed positive results. Despite the fact that investment promotion projects are not widespread at present and are not yet widely considered in scientific papers, we predict that in the future their popularity will grow due to the growing importance of marketing in modern conditions. Such projects have some peculiarities, but their development and implementation are generally identical to other types of investment projects.</jats:p

Working with Preschoolers’ Families to Implement Individual Programs of Cognitive Communication as One of the Conditions for the Development of Cognitive Activity

The article analyzes the cognitive communication of preschoolers with adults as one of the conditions for the development of cognitive activity, examines the role of the family and family communication. The relevance of the interaction between the preschool organization and the family in the upbringing and education of children is determined. The mechanism for implementing an individual approach to teaching preschoolers is presented. The use of an individual program of cognitive communication has been updated through improving the forms and methods of working with the family.</jats:p