Longitudinal changes in the incidence of glaucoma in Uzbekistan

Background: Glaucoma is not only one of the most common, but also one of the most severe chronic and progressive eye diseases. Therefore, the disease is a relevant problem in ophthalmology and a leading cause of reduced vision and irreversible blindness. Purpose: To assess the incidence of glaucoma in the republic and the city of Tashkent, and predict disease incidence for the subsequent decade. Material and Methods: The report of the Ministry of Health “On the numbers of diseases and registered patients residing in the primary service area of the medical facility» and national statistical collections (“Statistical materials on the activities of healthcare institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan”) for 2010-2019 were studied to determine the incidence of glaucoma and the relevant characteristics in the republic. Results: These materials allowed us to obtain the data on annual incidences of newly diagnosed cases and annual incidences of first visits of previously diagnosed cases of glaucoma in adults (i.e., individuals older than age 19) in the regions of the country for 2010 to 2019 years. The prediction of the incidence of glaucoma in the republic of Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent necessitates organizational and treatment-and-diagnostic measures for combating the disease, these measures being of a social and medical importance

Beyond ‘peer pressure’: rethinking drug use and ‘youth culture’

The study of drug use by young people in the West has been transformed over the last decade by the development of sociological approaches to drug use which take serious account of the cultural context in which young people encounter drugs. One consequence is that the notion of ‘peer pressure’, as the primary articulation of the engagement between youth culture and drug use, has been displaced by that of ‘normalisation’, which envisages ‘recreational’ drug use as one expression of consumer-based youth cultural lifestyles. In stark contrast, academic discussion of drug use in Russia remains primarily concerned with the prevalence and health consequences of (intravenous) drug use while explanations of rising rates of drug use focus on structural factors related to the expansion of drugs supply and, to a lesser extent, post-Soviet social and economic dislocation. In this article, original empirical research in Russia is used to develop an understanding of young people's drug use that synthesises structural and cultural explanations of it. It does this by situating young people's narratives of their drugs choices in the context of local drugs markets and broader socio-economic processes. However, it attempts to go beyond seeing structural location as simply a ‘constraint’ on individual choice by adopting an understanding of ‘youth culture’ as a range of youth cultural practices and formations that simultaneously embody, reproduce and negotiate the structural locations of their subjects

Testing Results of Basic Educational Professional Master Module “The Organization of Educational Process in Preschool Organization”

The article describes the testing results of module "The organization of educational process in preschool organization" in a basic professional educational master program in some universities of Russia. It proves the necessity to develop the program of the educational module "The organization of educational process in preschool organization". We approved its theoretical originality and practical significance and analyzed the module structure as an integrated set of compulsory general scientific and professional subjects, workshops, practical training and research. The article also contains basic educational adjusted results of the module, describes testing results of preparatory and main module stages. We summarized the data of intermediate and summative assessment for the development of modules learning outcomes; the testing results of the module in the universities participating in the project. Finally, we concluded about using the module in an integrated model of professional teachers training for preschool education