First examinations with the newly installed posturographic platform at the University medical and dental center, Medical University – Varna, Bulgaria

BackgroundPosture of the human body aims to keep its balance when performing dynamic movements or in the static stance. Posturology is another term for the Global postural recalibration. It is the discipline which studies posture. Postural control is regulated by a complex system, known as the Tonic postural system. Stomatognathic system must not be excluded when discussing posture. Posturology enables clinicians to study the sensory information, entering the body and determine the sensor that work in a suboptimal manner.MethodsA clinical case of a female patient, fully diagnosed, using the newly implemented system, is presented. Apart from it, we have analyzed another fourteen patients. All first filled out specifically designed questionnaires and signed written informed consent forms. Static and dynamic postural, audiological, vestibular, visual and HSAT assessments were performed, along with a dental check-up.ResultsPatient had normal occlusal characteristics – class 1 Angle, but problems with the temporomandibular joint and slight hearing were present. No vestibular, posture (static or dynamic) or visual convergence abnormalities were detected. Refractive abnormalities were present. Apart from that, a group of patients with obstructive sleep apnea is presented. Changes of their posture and balance were studied.ConclusionsAll information gathered by the two integrated static and dynamic analysis systems, along with the postural analyzer, HSAT and dental analysis can be used to define therapeutic interventions and exercise programmes needed

Protective Cr Coatings with ZrO2/Cr Multilayers for Zirconium Fuel Claddings

This article described the protective properties of Cr coatings with a barrier layer composed of ZrO2/Cr multilayers deposited onto E110 zirconium alloy. The coatings with a ZrO2/Cr multilayer thickness of 100, 250, and 750 nm and single-layer (1.5 µm) ZrO2 barrier were obtained by multi-cathode magnetron sputtering in Ar + O2 atmosphere. Then, cracking resistance and oxidation behavior were studied under conditions of thermal cycling (1000 °C) in air and high-temperature oxidation at 1200-1400 °C in a water steam. The role of the ZrO2/Cr multilayers and multilayer thickness on cracking resistance of the experimental coatings and oxidation resistance of the coated E110 alloy was discussed. It was shown that the coatings with more quantity of the ZrO2/Cr multilayers have higher cracking resistance, but such types of samples have a large amount of coating spallation under thermal cycling. The high-temperature steam oxidation (1200-1400 °C) demonstrated that interfaces of the ZrO2/Cr multilayers can act as a source of cavities formed by the Kirkendall mechanism that results in accelerating Cr-Zr interdiffusion for Cr-coated E110 alloy

Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance

Genomic sequencing is essential to track the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2, optimize molecular tests, treatments, vaccines, and guide public health responses. To investigate the global SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, we used sequences shared via GISAID to estimate the impact of sequencing intensity and turnaround times on variant detection in 189 countries. In the first two years of the pandemic, 78% of high-income countries sequenced >0.5% of their COVID-19 cases, while 42% of low- and middle-income countries reached that mark. Around 25% of the genomes from high income countries were submitted within 21 days, a pattern observed in 5% of the genomes from low- and middle-income countries. We found that sequencing around 0.5% of the cases, with a turnaround time <21 days, could provide a benchmark for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance. Socioeconomic inequalities undermine the global pandemic preparedness, and efforts must be made to support low- and middle-income countries improve their local sequencing capacity

More and More Econometrics in the Training of Students in Economics

Reference to Äèìèòðîâ, Àë. Èêîíîìåòðèÿ (ó÷åáíèê). Àêàäåìè÷íî èçäàòåëñòâî “Öåíîâ” – Ñâèùîâ, 2005, 304 ñ.

The Inflation Pressure Today – Manifestations and Impact

Presented from scientometric point of view is the publication activity of the journals in the field of economic science: “Economic Thought” (Institute of Economics at BAS); “Economic Studies” (Institute of Economics at BAS; D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics - Svishtov; Varna Economics University), “Economic Alternatives” (UNWE), “Business management” (D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics – Svishtov), “News” (Varna Economics University). The research is undertaken in three directions: distribution of scientific papers by subject by years; distribution of publications by type and years depending on their function and purpose; structure of the composition of authors by their institutional affiliation and productivity. The period 2001 – 2006 is studied. Analyzed is the condition of quantitive characteristics and indicators on the activity of scientific journals in the field of economic science through this period.

Investments and Economic Growth Based on Endogenous Factors

Problems of the economic growth in Bulgaria, related to its acceleration, approximation to developed countries' level and raising in the living standard, are examined. Possibilities for solving these issues on the base of an investment policy are analysed. The policy should stimulate local and foreign investors and contribute to the development and effective use of endogenous growth factors.

FIRM'S MODELLING IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARKET ECONOMY TRANSITION

This paper studies the features of mathematic and statistic methods implemented in firm managing, due to the changes in the period of economy's restructuring on market principles. There is a parallel examination of the basic conditions of macroeconomic's, sectoral and firm's enviroment modelling. A concept for firm's behaviour and main requirments about its modelling is given. The functional sheme of relations „firm -market" has been constructed and analyzed.

Modelling Firm Activity

The study defines a common scheme for study the conditions of a firm, approaches and models for determining optimal decisions. They are developed for firms from the wine production industry. Suggested are versions of development of the wine production. A total structure of the model is given. Developed is a model with reporting the possibilities and are shown approaches for evaluation of the possibilities. Formulated is an optimization model of annual production programs with reporting the influence of accident factors and game model for cooperation of firms.

The Hidden Economy – Measurement and Influence

This paper formulates the concept for the hidden economy. A refine on the formal and the informal economy is made. It indicates the economic, administrative, normative-legal factors and reasons for its existence and the forms for manifesting of the hidden economy. It discloses the condition of the hidden economy in some West European and post-socialist countries and USA too. It gives different methods for measurement of the hidden economy that are concerned with the Bulgarian conditions.

Dentigerous Cyst: a Case Report

Introduction: A cyst can be defined as a pathological cavity which contains fluid or semisolid material and is lined by an epithelium sac. Dentigerous cysts are odontogenic lesions, the second most common type after the radicular cysts. They are formed from residual remnants of the enamel epithelium and are histologically benign.The aim of the following report is to present a case of a dentigerous cyst with a rapid development and increasing size but asymptomatic course.Materials and Methods: A 30-year-old male was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery at the University Medico-Dental Centre because of a diagnosed cystic lesion with a significant size, encompassing the crown of the impacted mandibular third molar (tooth 48). It was found that the lesion was asymptomatic with the only complaint being dull, transitory pain in tooth 47 which was endodontically treated 2 years ago. An analysis of the panoramic radiograph was performed, a CBCT examination was done to determine the exact size, borders of the cystic lesion and its relationship to the mandibular canal and the second molar. After precise diagnostics the chosen method of treatment was radical extirpation of the cyst combined with odontectomy of the impacted molar and extraction of tooth 47.Results: On the panoramic radiograph and the CBCT image a unilocular radiolucency was present, with a well-circumscribed border and visible osteosclerotic margin, enclosing the crown of tooth 48 and the distal root of tooth 47 to the interradicular plate. No asymmetry, crepitation or exudation were present in the affected area. The operation was performed under general anaesthesia. No further complications occurred.Conclusion: Dentigerous cysts frequently show no clinical symptoms. This undoubtedly leads to difficulties in the diagnostics. Therefore, thorough examination shall be performed because early diagnosis reduces the risk of complications during the treatment