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    Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Fly Larvae Lucilia sericata (Family Calliphoridae) Grown on Diets with Different Content of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Amino Acid Composition of this Species

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    ΠΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° – Π±Ρ‹ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠ»ΡŒ сСльского хозяйства, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ сСйчас ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡƒΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ с нСдостатком ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ², основу ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Ρ‹Π±Ρ‹, ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ слСдствиС, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… стоимости. Для дальнСйшСго устойчивого развития Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Ρ‹Π±Ρ‹. НасСкомыС Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ подходящий источник ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° для Ρ€Ρ‹Π±, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡ… Тирнокислотный (Π–Πš) состав часто Π½Π΅ соотвСтствуСт трСбованиям Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ€Ρ‹Π±ΡŒΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π΅ срСди ΠŸΠΠ–Πš Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ кислоты сСмСйства омСга‑3, Π° Π² Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… насСкомых – сСмСйства омСга‑6. ИсслСдованиС возмоТности ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π–Πš состава Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ насСкомых для увСличСния содСрТания омСга‑3 ΠŸΠΠ–Πš являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ. ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ состав ΠΈ содСрТаниС ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот Π² Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΌΡƒΡ…ΠΈ Lucilia sericata, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° стандартном ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ с Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ масла, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°-Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ кислотой (ΠΠ›Πš, 18:3n‑3), ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ аминокислотный состав (АК) Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΌΡƒΡ…. Π–Πš Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅ с масс-спСктромСтричСским Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ. АК Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· выполняли Π½Π° Тидкостном Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅. АК состав исслСдованных Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡƒΡ…, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… насСкомых отряда Diptera, Π±Ρ‹Π» Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ АК составу Ρ€Ρ‹Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡƒΠΊΠΈ. Бостав ΠΈ содСрТаниС ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡƒΡ…ΠΈ Π½Π° стандартном ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ омСга‑3 / омСга‑6 ΠŸΠΠ–Πš ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 18:1n‑9 ΠΈ 18:2n‑6 – ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ суммарно составляли ΠΎΡ‚ 40 % Π΄ΠΎ 60 % ΠΎΡ‚ суммы Π–Πš. Π”ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ масла ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ омСга‑3 / омСга‑6 ΠŸΠΠ–Πš с 0,11 Π΄ΠΎ 0,46, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° счёт увСличСния содСрТания ΠΠ›Πš. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π–Πš состав Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ L. sericata ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ сущСствСнно ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅ΠΉAquaculture is a fast-growing branch of agriculture, but it faces fish feed shortages due to a decrease in wild fish catches. As a result, the price of feed increases. For further development it requires alternative feed sources. Insects are considered a suitable protein source for fish, but their fatty acid (FA) composition often does not meet the requirements of aquaculture. In fish oil, PUFAs are dominated by the omega‑3 family, and in terrestrial insects, by the omega‑6 family. A question arises whether insect larvae lipid composition can be modified to increase the content of omega‑3 PUFAs. For this purpose, Lucilia sericata larvae were grown on standard feed and feed with addition of camelina oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‑3), and their FA content and composition were compared. To evaluate the quality of these larvae protein, their amino acid (AA) composition was determined. The FA analysis was performed on a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass-spectrometer detector. The AA analysis was performed on a liquid chromatograph. The AA composition of the examined fly larvae, similarly to other insects (Diptera), was close to the AA composition of fish meal. Fatty acid composition and content of fly larvae grown on standard food was characterized by a low ratio of omega‑3/omega‑6 PUFAs and by the dominance of 18:1n‑9 and 18:2n‑6 fatty acids, which together comprised 40–60 % of the total of FAs. The addition of camelina oil changed the ratio of omega‑3/ omega‑6 PUFAs from 0.11 to 0.46, mainly due to the increase in ALA content. Thus, FA content and composition of L. sericata larvae can be significantly modified by a die

    Fatty Acid Content and Composition of the Yakutian Horses and Their Main Food Source: Living in Extreme Winter Conditions

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    For the first time, seasonal changes in the content of total lipids (TLs) and phospholipids (PLs) were studied in fodder plants growing in Central Yakutia—a perennial cereal, smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis L.), and an annual cereal, common oat (Avena sativa L.). Both species have concentrated TLs and PLs in autumn under cold hardening. In addition, a significant increase in the content of fatty acids (FAs) of B. inermis was observed during the autumn decrease in temperature. The Yakutian horses, which fed on cereals enriched with nutrients preserved by natural cold (green cryo-fodder), accumulated significant amounts of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, the total content of which in cereals was 75% of the total FA content. We found differences in the distribution of these two FAs in different tissues of the horses. Thus, liver was rich in 18:2n-6, while muscle and adipose tissues accumulated mainly 18:3n-3. Such a distribution may indicate different roles of these FAs in the metabolism of the horses. According to FA content, meat of the Yakutian horses is a valuable dietary product
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