17,227 research outputs found
Sequences defined by h-vectors
In this paper we consider the sequence whose n^{th} term is the number of h-vectors of length n. We show that the n^{th} term of this sequence is bounded above by the n^{th} Fibonacci number and bounded below by the number if integer partitions of n into distinct parts. Further we show embedded sequences that directly relate to integer partitions
A New Godunov Scheme for MHD, with Application to the MRI in disks
We describe a new numerical scheme for MHD which combines a higher order
Godunov method (PPM) with Constrained Transport. The results from a selection
of multidimensional test problems are presented. The complete test suite used
to validate the method, as well as implementations of the algorithm in both F90
and C, are available from the web. A fully three-dimensional version of the
algorithm has been developed, and is being applied to a variety of
astrophysical problems including the decay of supersonic MHD turbulence, the
nonlinear evolution of the MHD Rayleigh-Taylor instability, and the saturation
of the magnetorotational instability in the shearing box. Our new simulations
of the MRI represent the first time that a higher-order Godunov scheme has been
applied to this problem, providing a quantitative check on the accuracy of
previous results computed with ZEUS; the latter are found to be reliable.Comment: 11 pages, style files included, Conference Proceedings: "Magnetic
Fields in the Universe: from Laboratory and Stars to Primordial Structures",
More information on Athena can be found at
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~jstone/athena.htm
Nonlinear Evolution of the Magnetohydrodynamic Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
We study the nonlinear evolution of the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability
using three-dimensional MHD simulations. We consider the idealized case of two
inviscid, perfectly conducting fluids of constant density separated by a
contact discontinuity perpendicular to the effective gravity g, with a uniform
magnetic field B parallel to the interface. Modes parallel to the field with
wavelengths smaller than l_c = [B B/(d_h - d_l) g] are suppressed (where d_h
and d_l are the densities of the heavy and light fluids respectively), whereas
modes perpendicular to B are unaffected. We study strong fields with l_c
varying between 0.01 and 0.36 of the horizontal extent of the computational
domain. Even a weak field produces tension forces on small scales that are
significant enough to reduce shear (as measured by the distribution of the
amplitude of vorticity), which in turn reduces the mixing between fluids, and
increases the rate at which bubbles and finger are displaced from the interface
compared to the purely hydrodynamic case. For strong fields, the highly
anisotropic nature of unstable modes produces ropes and filaments. However, at
late time flow along field lines produces large scale bubbles. The kinetic and
magnetic energies transverse to gravity remain in rough equipartition and
increase as t^4 at early times. The growth deviates from this form once the
magnetic energy in the vertical field becomes larger than the energy in the
initial field. We comment on the implications of our results to Z-pinch
experiments, and a variety of astrophysical systems.Comment: 25 pages, accepted by Physics of Fluids, online version of journal
has high resolution figure
Assessing Socioeconomic Impacts of Transport Infrastructure Projects in the Greater Mekong Subregion
This study attempts to quantify the links between infrastructure investment and poverty reduction using a multi-region general equilibrium model, supplemented with household survey data for the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Infrastructure investment is an important step in economic development, with improvements in transportation infrastructure boosting economic opportunities throughout the region, for example by significantly reducing travel times and costs. In this study, we concentrate on quantifying the effects of some of the key linkages between upgraded infrastructure, economic growth, and poverty reduction. We model the impact of both reducing transport costs and improving trade facilitation in the GMS. Our findings suggest strong gains to the GMS countries as a result of infrastructure development and trade facilitation with national poverty reduced throughout the region. However, the impact on various segments of these populations differs, depending in part on factor returns.greater mekong subregion; poverty reduction; infrastructure investment
Propagation of a Topological Transition: the Rayleigh Instability
The Rayleigh capillary instability of a cylindrical interface between two
immiscible fluids is one of the most fundamental in fluid dynamics. As Plateau
observed from energetic considerations and Rayleigh clarified through
hydrodynamics, such an interface is linearly unstable to fission due to surface
tension. In traditional descriptions of this instability it occurs everywhere
along the cylinder at once, triggered by infinitesimal perturbations. Here we
explore in detail a recently conjectured alternate scenario for this
instability: front propagation. Using boundary integral techniques for Stokes
flow, we provide numerical evidence that the viscous Rayleigh instability can
indeed spread behind a front moving at constant velocity, in some cases leading
to a periodic sequence of pinching events. These basic results are in
quantitative agreement with the marginal stability criterion, yet there are
important qualitative differences associated with the discontinuous nature of
droplet fission. A number of experiments immediately suggest themselves in
light of these results.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, Te
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