44 research outputs found

    Forecasting electricity consumption by aggregating specialized experts

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    33 pagesInternational audienceWe consider the setting of sequential prediction of arbitrary sequences based on specialized experts. We first provide a review of the relevant literature and present two theoretical contributions: a general analysis of the specialist aggregation rule of Freund et al. (1997) and an adaptation of fixed-share rules of Herbster and Warmuth (1998) in this setting. We then apply these rules to the sequential short-term (one-day-ahead) forecasting of electricity consumption; to do so, we consider two data sets, a Slovakian one and a French one, respectively concerned with hourly and half-hourly predictions. We follow a general methodology to perform the stated empirical studies and detail in particular tuning issues of the learning parameters. The introduced aggregation rules demonstrate an improved accuracy on the data sets at hand; the improvements lie in a reduced mean squared error but also in a more robust behavior with respect to large occasional errors

    S’engager dans la co-conception de module de formation en ligne : une situation potentielle de dĂ©veloppement ?

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    Cette contribution s’intĂ©resse Ă  l’expĂ©rience vĂ©cue par diffĂ©rents acteurs (enseignants-chercheurs, chercheurs, ingĂ©nieurs techno-pĂ©dagogiques, professionnels) engagĂ©s dans la production de modules de formation en ligne. Plus spĂ©cifiquement, elle interroge le potentiel de dĂ©veloppement professionnel des situations de co-conception de ces modules de formation e-learning. Elle montre que le travail du et en collectif, source d’engagement en amont du projet, offre, durant le processus de conception, des opportunitĂ©s de questionnements, de dĂ©centration par la confrontation des « mondes » qu’il met en prĂ©sence et soutient, par-lĂ , le dĂ©veloppement de nouvelles compĂ©tences professionnelles

    Concevoir une ressource numérique de formation dans l'enseignement supérieur : quels acteurs pour quelles formes de coopération ?

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    International audienceCette communication porte sur l’analyse de diffĂ©rentes formes de coopĂ©ration Ă  l’Ɠuvre dans la conception de trois ressources numĂ©riques dans l’enseignement supĂ©rieur. Nous analysons les formes de coopĂ©ration d’une pluralitĂ© d’acteurs, aux statuts et fonctions divers. Pour garantir l’utilitĂ© et l’utilisabilitĂ© des ressources crĂ©Ă©es, ils sont sollicitĂ©s diffĂ©remment, en fonction de leurs compĂ©tences, Ă  des moments diffĂ©rents du processus. Nous montrons comment sont pris en compte les utilisateurs finaux lors de la conception de ces ressources et les conditions potentielles de facilitation d’un mode de conception participatif

    Kamratstöd inom ambulanssjukvÄrden, en kvalitativ intervjustudie med ambulanspersonal.

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    Bakgrund: Arbetsuppgifterna inom ambulanssjukvĂ„rden Ă€r varierande och kan innebĂ€ra att utsĂ€ttas för allvarliga hĂ€ndelser som kan upplevas kĂ€nslomĂ€ssigt utmanande och kan pĂ„verka medarbetarens arbetshĂ€lsa negativt. För att frĂ€mja arbetshĂ€lsan finns i Sverige lagar och föreskrifter för ambulanssjukvĂ„rden gĂ€llande ett organiserat krisstöd. En form av krisstöd Ă€r kamratstöd. Forskning visar att socialt stöd i form av kamratstöd underlĂ€ttar individens förmĂ„ga att hantera allvarliga hĂ€ndelser. Motiv: Idag saknas det en fungerande struktur för krisstöd inom vissa regioner. Det antas dock att krisstöd kommer att införas. Inför en förĂ€ndring, sĂ„som införande av krisstöd, kan det vara av vĂ€rde att undersöka medarbetarnas behov av organisatorisk förĂ€ndring, i detta fall införandet av kamratstöd. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa ambulanspersonalens behov av kamratstöd. Metod: Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ design och individuella intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Analysen mynnar ut i tre kategorier samt sju underkategorier. 1. Individanpassat stöd: Olika behov i olika hĂ€ndelser, bli bemött som en unik individ. 2. VĂ„ga kĂ€nna trygghet samt dela det svĂ„ra pĂ„ arbetsplatsen: Betydelse av att kĂ€nna trygghet, arbetsklimatets pĂ„verkan, vikten av förstĂ„else frĂ„n nĂ€rmsta chef. 3. Ett organiserat stöd: Stödjande medarbetare, tydliga rutiner. Konklusion: Organiserat kamratstöd inkluderar alla. DĂ„ samtalsstöd saknas kan tystnadsplikten Ă€ventyras, dĂ„ samtal istĂ€llet kan genomföras med icke berörda medarbetare. Vid avsaknad av stöd kan direkta konsekvenser uppkomma efter en hĂ€ndelse, som kan vara sömnsvĂ„righeter och Ă„ngestrelaterade symtom. Indirekta konsekvenser Ă€r att nĂ€sta patient inte fĂ„r den empati och omvĂ„rdnad den har rĂ€tt till. Att ha balans mellan krav- kontroll- och stöd Ă€r en förutsĂ€ttning för vĂ€lmĂ„ende pĂ„ arbetsplatsen.Background: The tasks in ambulance care are varied and can mean being exposed to events that are experienced as emotionally challenging and negatively affecting the staff’s occupational well-being. Sweden has laws and regulations for ambulance care to promote organized crisis support. One form of support is peer support. Research shows that social support in the form of peer support facilitates the individual’s ability to handle events. Motive: Currently there is a lack of functioning structure for support within certain regions, even though there are laws and regulations requiring structured care for the employees. For the crisis support to fulfill any function, there must be a need among the employees. Aim: The aim of the study was to shed light on the paramedic’s need for peer support. Methods: The study was conducted with a qualitative design and individual interviews. The interviews were analyzed through qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Result: The analysis resulted in three main categories and seven subcategories. 1. Individualized support: Different needs in different events, be treated as a unique individual. 2. Dare to feel safe and share the difficulties in the workplace: Importance of feeling safe, the impact of the work climate, the importance of understanding from the nearest manager. 3. An organized support: Supportive employees, clear routines. Conclusion: Organized support includes everyone. When support is missing, the duty of confidentiality may be compromised as the conversation will take place with non-affected personnel. Direct consequences can come after an event and these can be anxiety-related symptoms. Indirect consequences are when the next patient doesn’t receive the empathy and care they are entitled to. Having a balance between demands, control and support is a prerequisite for well-being in the workplace

    Concevoir une ressource numérique de formation dans l'enseignement supérieur : quels acteurs pour quelles formes de coopération ?

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    International audienceCette communication porte sur l’analyse de diffĂ©rentes formes de coopĂ©ration Ă  l’Ɠuvre dans la conception de trois ressources numĂ©riques dans l’enseignement supĂ©rieur. Nous analysons les formes de coopĂ©ration d’une pluralitĂ© d’acteurs, aux statuts et fonctions divers. Pour garantir l’utilitĂ© et l’utilisabilitĂ© des ressources crĂ©Ă©es, ils sont sollicitĂ©s diffĂ©remment, en fonction de leurs compĂ©tences, Ă  des moments diffĂ©rents du processus. Nous montrons comment sont pris en compte les utilisateurs finaux lors de la conception de ces ressources et les conditions potentielles de facilitation d’un mode de conception participatif

    Specificities of ichnoviruses associated with campoplegine wasps: genome, genes and role in host–parasitoid interaction

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    Ichnoviruses (IVs), unique symbiotic viruses carried by ichneumonid campoplegine wasps, derive from integration of a paleo-ichnovirus into an ancestral wasp genome. The modern ‘genome’ is composed of both regions that are amplified, circularized and encapsidated into viral particles and non-encapsidated viral genomic regions involved in particle morphogenesis. Packaged genomes include multiple circular dsDNAs encoding many genes mostly organized in gene families. Virus particles are assembled in specialized ovarian cells from which they exit into the oviduct lumen; mature virions are injected during oviposition into the insect host. Expression of viral proteins in infected cells correlates with physiological alterations of the host enabling success of parasitism
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