Modern Approach to the Enigma of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: A Review

Research on bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) has strongly contributed to a better understanding of disease at both global and local levels. New agents have been identified and their nature has been better known since then, as well as all the factors that predispone the development of BRDC. Serious work in a number of researches has led to results that have proven significant synergistic interactions between viruses and bacteria that lead to the BRDC and complicate the prevention and treatment of the diseased cattle. Nowadays, it is necessary to apply the latest molecular and other techniques in order to examine in detail all of the specific causes, describe them accurately and provide effective prevention. This can primarily be accomplished by producing different types of vaccines, which are to be improved constantly. Serious progress has been made in researches on immunogenic properties and antimicrobial activity of various natural and synthetic substances in order to improve the production of more effective vaccines for control, as well as the development of a new generation of antibiotics to treat the disease. BRDC prevention programs have been successful, in which great importance was given to proper vaccinations and herd management practices. BRDC is still the most important disease of cattle from an economic point of view, since it causes great losses and expenses. (C) 2013 PVJ. All rights reserve

Sadržaj kalcijuma, fosfora i magnezijuma u krvnom serumu ovaca po godišnjem dobu i fiziološkom stanju

The large number of sheep, especially the ones that spend the majority of time on pastures, is been fed with the meals, which do not contain all the necessary mineral substances. The level of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium on natural pastures is too low in relation to the needs of sheep. Therefore, the irregularity in the feeding of sheep occurs because of the absence of the other food sources. These irregularities are in the range from the acute mineral deficit or illness to the mild temporary forms, which could hardly diagnose, but they affect the level of production. The content of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the blood serum of sheep, as one of the indicators of the supplementation of sheep with these substances, has given in this paper. The average level of calcium in the blood serum of the control group of sheep was 2.61 mmol/l, phosphorus 1.04mmol/l and magnesium 1.31 mmol/l of serum. In the blood serum of the tested group, the average contents of calcium was 2.33 mmol/l, phosphorus 0.92 mmol/l and magnesium 1.37 mmol/l.Veliki broj ovaca, naročito onih koji dobar deo vremena provode na paši, hrani se obrocima koji ne sadrže sve potrebne mineralne materije. Nivo kalcijuma, fosfora i magnezijuma na prirodnim pašnjacima je suviše nizak u odnosu na potrebe ovaca. Tako se nepravilnost u ishrani javlja kod ovaca u odsutnosti drugih izvora hrane. Ove nepravilnosti kreću se od akutnog mineralnog deficita ili bolesti, pa do blagih prelaznih formi koje se teško dijagnosticiraju, ali se odražavaju na nivo proizvodnje. U radu je dat sadržaj kalcijuma, fosfora i magnezijuma u krvnom serumu ovaca, kao jednog od indikatora obezbeđenosti ovaca ovim materijama. Prosečan sadržaj kalcijuma u krvnom serumu kontrolne grupe ovaca iznosio je 2,61 mmol/l, fosfora 1,04 mmol/l i magnezijuma 1,31 mmol/l seruma. Kod ogledne gupe prosečan sadržaj kalcijuma bio je 2,33 mmol/l, fosfora 0,92 mmol/ i magnezijuma 1,37 mmol/l seruma

Efikasnost primene preparata na bazi zeolita u obrocima jagnjadi u tovu

The paper presents results of investigations of the effect of a preparation based on natural zeolite on production results of fattening lambs. The experiment was performed on two groups of lamps (control – K and experimental – O), 15 animals per group, and for a duration of 90 days. The diet ration consisted of sheeps’ milk, a compound mix for fattening lambs, and meadow hay. Lambs of the experimental group, contrary to those of the control group were administered preparations based on natural zeolite. The preparation Min-a-Zel® S (in the form of 25% suspension) was administered to lambs from birth until the 14th day of life, directly into the mouth, once daily (before the morning meal), 10 ml each. Min-a-Zel Plus was administered starting from the 15th day by adding it to the fodder mix (0.5%). Feeding was ad libitum. The average body mass of lambs at the end of the experiment, according to the sequence of treatments (K:O), was 24.40:26.94 kg (P<0.01). The daily groth of the lambs, during the course of the experiment, was 229:256 g, and was 27 g or 11.79% higher (P<0.01) in the experimental group. The experimental group had better utilization of dry matter, proteins and energy, which indicates that the use of a preparation based on natural zeolite in the diet of fattening lambs is justified.U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja o uticaju preparata na bazi prirodnog zeolita na proizvodne rezultate jagnjadi u tovu. Ogled je izveden na dve grupe jagnjadi (kontrolna – K i ogledna – O), po 15 grla, u trajanju od 90 dana. Obrok se sastojao od ovčijeg mleka, krmne smeše za tov jagnjadi i livadskog sena. Jagnjad ogledne grupe, za razliku od kontrolne, dobijala su preparate na bazi prirodnog zeolita. Preparat Min-a-Zel®S (u obliku 25% suspenzije) jagnjad je dobijala od rođenja do 14. dana života, direktno u usta, jednom dnevno, (pre jutarnjeg napajanja), po 10 ml. Min-a-Zel® Plus im se davao počev od 15. dana uzrasta na taj način {to je bio je uključen u krmnu smešu (0,5%). Ishrana je bila po volji. Prosečna telesna masa jagnjadi na kraju ogleda, prema redosledu tretmana (K:O), bila je 24,40:26,94 kg (P<0,01). Dnevni prirast jagnjadi, tokom ogleda, bio je 229:256 g i u oglednoj grupi je bio veći za 27 g ili 11,79 posto (P<0,01). Jagnjad ogledne grupe je imala bolje iskorišćavanje suve materije, proteina i energije što ukazuje na opravdanost korišćenja preparata na bazi prirodnog zeolita kod jagnjadi u tovu