Exploring Black Clinical Psychologists’ Experiences of Racism and its Discussion at Work and in the Profession.

This research aimed to explore Black Clinical Psychologists’ (BCPs’) experiences of racism and its discussion at work and in the profession. Within this, there was a focus on how they describe and make sense of their experiences, how they feel they are positioned and perceived when racism is discussed, how they navigate conversations about racism and how they think a sense of safety and support could be fostered within these experiences. In line with the critical realist epistemological position, the methodology employed a qualitative design. Data was collected through twelve in-depth semi-structured interviews with clinical psychologists who self-identified as Black and practiced in the UK. Interviews were analysed using an inductive approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Five themes were identified: • “It is what I am”: BCP identity • Whiteness at work • Spotlighting Whiteness; the work of anti-racism • Resistance • “An absolute mess”; what needs to change These themes highlight and provide a narrative of the systemic and systematic processes of Whiteness and the ways in which it manifests in BCPs’ lived experiences. The analyses are discussed in relation to the research question and existing literature. Drawing upon the analyses, recommendations for clinical practice, policy, future research and education and training are made

Free energy barrier for molecular motions in bistable [2]rotaxane molecular electronic devices

Donor−acceptor binding of the π-electron-poor cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT^(4+)) with the π-electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DNP) stations provides the basis for electrochemically switchable, bistable [2]rotaxanes, which have been incorporated and operated within solid-state devices to form ultradense memory circuits (ChemPhysChem 2002, 3, 519−525; Nature 2007, 445, 414−417) and nanoelectromechanical systems. The rate of CBPQT^(4+) shuttling at each oxidation state of the [2]rotaxane dictates critical write-and-retention time parameters within the devices, which can be tuned through chemical synthesis. To validate how well computational chemistry methods can estimate these rates for use in designing new devices, we used molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the free energy barrier for the shuttling of the CBPQT^4+ ring between the TTF and the DNP. The approach used here was to calculate the potential of mean force along the switching pathway, from which we calculated free energy barriers. These calculations find a turn-on time after the rotaxane is doubly oxidized of ~10^9−7) s (suggesting that the much longer experimental turn-on time is determined by the time scale of oxidization). The return barrier from the DNP to the TTF leads to a predicted lifetime of 2.1 s, which is compatible with experiments

Effect of Usury Laws on Home Ownership Needs

In this paper we examine usury laws which thwart the thrift industry, particularly savings and loan associations, from entering fully into the needed home financing picture of the 1970\u27s. If there is virtue in owning a home, be it a normal house, mobile home, condominium or a 99-year leasehold, (and the very basis of American life suggests that there is), and if the predicted housing boom is actually to occur, substantial changes should be made in laws which frustrate home financing

Effect of Usury Laws on Home Ownership Needs

In this paper we examine usury laws which thwart the thrift industry, particularly savings and loan associations, from entering fully into the needed home financing picture of the 1970\u27s. If there is virtue in owning a home, be it a normal house, mobile home, condominium or a 99-year leasehold, (and the very basis of American life suggests that there is), and if the predicted housing boom is actually to occur, substantial changes should be made in laws which frustrate home financing

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Approaches for the Efficient Formation of Mechanical Bonds

Among the growing collection of molecular systems under consideration for nanoscale device applications, mechanically interlocked compounds derived from electrochemically switchable bistable [2]rotaxanes and [2]catenanes show great promise. These systems demonstrate dynamic, relative movements between their components, such as shuttling and circumrotation, enabling them to serve as stimuli-responsive switches operated via reversible, electrochemical oxidation−reduction rather than through the addition of chemical reagents. Investigations into these systems have been intense for a number of years, yet limitations associated with their synthesis have hindered incorporation of their mechanical bonds into more complex architectures and functional materials. We have recently addressed this challenge by developing new template-directed synthetic protocols, operating under both kinetic and thermodynamic control, for the preparation of bistable rotaxanes and catenanes. These methodologies are compatible with the molecular recognition between the π-electron-accepting cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) host and complementary π-electron-donating guests. The procedures that operate under kinetic control rely on mild chemical transformations to attach bulky stoppering groups or perform macrocyclizations without disrupting the host−guest binding of the rotaxane or catenane precursors. Alternatively, the protocols that operate under thermodynamic control utilize a reversible ring-opening reaction of the CBPQT4+ ring, providing a pathway for two cyclic starting materials to thread one another to form more thermodynamically stable catenaned products. These complementary pathways generate bistable rotaxanes and catenanes in high yields, simplify mechanical bond formation in these systems, and eliminate the requirement that the mechanical bonds be introduced into the molecular structure in the final step of the synthesis. These new methods have already been put into practice to prepare previously unavailable rotaxane architectures and novel complex materials. Furthermore, the potential for utilizing mechanically interlocked architectures as device components capable of information storage, the delivery of therapeutic agents, or other desirable functions has increased significantly as a result of the development of these improved synthetic protocols