Case Studies in Applied Behavior Analysis: Brain Breaks for Elementary Students and Using the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) Model to Increase On-Task Behavior in a Classroom Setting

Disruptive behavior in the classroom can harmfully impact students learning and hinder academic growth (Austin & Agar, 2005; Hartman & Gresham, 2016). The term disruptive behavior encompasses many different behaviors, but when used in the classroom it focuses on off-task behavior, noncompliance, talking out in class, aggression, leaving designated areas, and stereotypy (Celebreti et al., 1997; Folino et al., 2014 & Kern et al., 1982). Both antecedent and consequence-based interventions have been conducted in school settings in attempts to decrease disruptive behaviors and increase appropriate on-task academic behavior. Physical activity and antecedent manipulations have demonstrated empirical evidence that both interventions are successful in creating positive behavior change. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Brain Breaks® program in relation to on-task classroom behavior. A reversal design was implemented with one elementary school student. Results indicated a substantial increase in on-task behavior upon implementation of the Brain Breaks® videos for this participant.Case Study 2: Off-task behavior in the classroom can significantly impact students’ academic development. Implementation of behavioral strategies can help diminish these negative effects. One standardized model which has been effectively used to decrease challenging behavior and utilizes a collaborative, team-based approach to create function-based interventions is the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the PTR model on one elementary student’s classroom behavior. An AB research design was utilized due to recruitment related issues with the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrate that implementation of the PTR model assisted in decreasing off-task behavior and increasing on-task behavior for one elementary school student

Heard it Through the Grapevine: Chapter 28 Saves California Wine Competitions from Prohibition-Era Law

BIBLIOTHECA, ACTA ET SCRIPTA MAGICA Bibliotheca, acta et scripta magica (-) Bibliotheca, Acta Et Scripta Magica (26.1741) (1) Frontispiz / Titelseite (1) Widmung (2) Inhalt des sechs und zwanzigsten Stücks (3) cc XIX. Unterschied der alten und neuen Zauberey (4) cc XX. Kunst, die Schuldner mit ihrem eigenen Gelde zu bezahlen (8) cc XXI. Anmerckung von der Unrichtigkeit ... Teufels-Geschichten (11) XXII. Le Comte de Gabalis (14) XXIII. Von den zauberischen Handlungen ... (18) XXIV. Merckwürdiger Beweiß von dem Unfug der ehem. Hexen-Richter (25) XXV. Das Gespenste von Spa (27