YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ON DIFFERENT SOIL TILLAGE VARIANTS

Reducirana obrada tla, kao i krajnji vid reduciranja zahvata obrade tla – no-tillage, svake godine ima sve veće značenje u obradi tla na ovim našim prostorima. Međutim, to su još uvijek vrlo male površine. U cilju utvrđivanja optimalnog sustava reducirane obrade tla u uzgoju ozime pšenice, postavljena su, na černozemu sjeverne Baranje, istraživanja u vremenskom periodu od tri vegetacijske godine (1998./1999.-2000./2001). Najveći su prinosi redovito ostvarivani na varijanti višekratnog tanjuranja s trogodišnjim prosjekom od 6,43 t/ha, zatim na varijanti standardne obrade tla s prinosom od 6,20 t/ha, a najniži ostvareni prinosi bili su na varijanti no-tillage s trogodišnjim prosjekom od 5,43 t/ha. Najveća ekonomska dobit ostvarena je na varijanti višekratnog tanjuranja, zatim na varijanti no-tillage, a na posljednjem mjestu je varijanta standardne obrade tla.Reduced tillage, as well as the most reduced tillage – No-till – every year gain greater importance in our region. Unfortunately, the areas under reduced tillage are still very small. In order to establish optimal system of reduced soil tillage, the experimental trials were set on Chernozem soil type in northern Baranja during three vegetation seasons (1998/1999-2000/2001) and three soil tillage systems: CT) Conventional Tillage (primary soil tillage by moldboard ploughing at 25-30 cm depth), DH) Multiple Diskharrowing at 10-15 cm as primary tillage, and NT) No-tillage system. The highest yields were recorded at DH with three-year average of 6.43 t/ha, followed by CT with 6.20 t/ha, whereas the lowest yields were recorded at NT treatment, with three-year average of 5.43 t/ha. The highest profit was achieved at DH treatment (1703.83 HRK/ha), followed by NT (1480.22 HRK/ha), whereas the lowest profit was recorded at CT (1032.69 HRK/ha)

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON NODULATION AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN

U našoj zemlji obrada tla za ratarske kulture temelji se uglavnom na konvencionalnoj tehnologiji koja predstavlja najskuplju stavku u proizvodnji tih kultura. Negativne posljedice koje se javljaju zbog velikog broja prohoda oruđima i strojevima (kvarenje strukture tla, zbijanje tla, smanjena biogenost i plodnost tla), kao i ekonomski i energetski troškovi, mogli bi se smanjiti i izbjeći uvođenjem reducirane obrade tla ili izravnom sjetvom bez obrade tla (no-tillage). Stoga je cilj ovih istraživanja bila procjena utjecaja konvencionalne i reducirane obrade tla na komponente prinosa i nodulacijsku sposobnost fiksatora dušika u usjevu soje. Istraživanja su provedena na pedosistematskoj jedinici černozem sjeverne Baranje, u vidu monofaktorijalnog pokusa u četiri repeticije po shemi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda. Varijante obrade tla bile su sljedeće: CT – standardna obrada (osnovna obrada oranje na 25-30 cm), DH – tanjuranje na 10-15 cm, kao osnovna obrada, te NT – izostavljena obrada. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su značajno niže vrijednosti sklopa, mase 1000 zrna i prinosa zrna na varijantama s reduciranom obradom tla u obje ispitivane godine. Međutim, reducirana obrada pokazala je pozitivan trend na nodulacijsku sposobnost fiksatora dušika, jer su na tim varijantama dobivene najviše vrijednosti broja i mase kvržica po biljci, iako razlike nisu statistički značajne. Navedena istraživanja provedena su 2002. i 2003. godine, od kojih je druga godina bila ekstremno sušna, stoga bi se ta istraživanja trebala nastaviti.The primary soil tillage for different crops in Croatia is generally based on mouldboard ploughing which is the most expensive for crops production. Negative effects due to frequent passes by equipment and machines (deterioration of soil structure, soil compaction, lower biogenity and soil tilth), together with negative economical and energetical costs, can be lowered and avoided by introduction of reduced soil tillage or direct drilling (No-tillage). Accordingly, the main goal of this research was to determine effects of conventional and reduced soil tillage systems on yield components and nodulation ability of nitrogen fixing bacteria in soybean crop. The research was established at chernozem soil type of northern Baranja as monofactorial completely randomized block design in four repetitions. The soil tillage variants were as follows: CT) Conventional Tillage (primary soil tillage by moldboard ploughing at 25-30 cm depth), DH) Multiple Diskharrowing at 10-15 cm as primary tillage, and NT) No-tillage system. Results show significantly lower plant density, mass of 1000 grains and grain yield at variants with reduced soil tillage in both investigation years. However, reduced tillage systems had positive trend on nitrogen-fixing bacteria nodulation, since the highest values of number and mass of nodules per plant were recorded. This research was run during the years 2002 and 2003, the last one extremely droughty, thus it requires continuation

TRENDOVI EKOLOŠKE BILJNE PROIZVODNJE U SJEVEROISTOČNOJ HRVATSKOJ

In spite of the state policy, plant producers in Croatia are still reluctant to convert their land into organic agriculture farming. The "Biopa" association activity in farms converting to organic farming is describedUsprkos državne politike, proizvođači hrane u Hrvatskoj još uvijek nerado prihvaćaju ekološku poljoprivredu. Opisana je aktivnost udruge “Biopa” u prevođenju gospodarstava na ekološku poljoprivredu

EKOLOŠKO STOČARSTVO U SLAVONIJI I BARANJI

Organic animal husbandry in Croatia has been regulated by National organic agricultural legislative since 2001, but due to lack of knowledge and irrational fear farmers are usually undecided to convert to organic animal keeping. The way how BIOPA association for organic agriculture can improve organic production through education and advisory service is described.Od 2001. ekološko stočarstvo u Hrvatskoj regulirano je zakonskom legislativom. No zbog nedostatka znanja i iracionalnog straha stočari teško prihvaćaju ekološko stočarstvo. Izneseno je nastojanje udruge za ekološku poljoprivredu BIOPA da kroz edukaciju i sistem savjetodavne službe olakša tu preobrazbu