The Effects of State Policy Design Features on Take Up and Crowd Out Rates for the State Children’s Health Insurance Program

We evaluate the effects of state policy design features on SCHIP take up rates and on the degree to which SCHIP benefits crowd out private benefits. The results indicate that overall program take up rates range from 10.1 to 10.5 percent. However, there is considerable heterogeneity across states, suggesting a potential role of inter-state variation in policy design. We find that several design mechanisms have significant and substantial positive effects on take up. For example, eliminating asset tests, offering continuous coverage, simplifying the application and renewal processes, and extending benefits to parents all have sizable and positive effects on take-up rates. Mandatory waiting periods, on the other hand, consistently reduce take-up rates. In all, inter-state differences in outreach and anti-crowd out efforts explain roughly one quarter of the cross-state variation in take-up rates. Concerning the crowding out of private health insurance benefits, we find that between one quarter and one third of the increase in public health insurance coverage for SCHIP eligible children is offset by a decline in private health coverage. We find little evidence that the policy-induced variation in take-up is associated with a significant degree of crowd-out, and no evidence that the negative effect on private coverage caused by state policy choices is any greater than the overall crowding out effect. This suggests that states are not augmenting take-up rates by enrolling children that are relatively more likely to have private health insurance benefits.State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), Crowd Out, Take Up

Did the 2007 Legal Arizona Workers Act Reduce the State's Unauthorized Immigrant Population?

We test for an effect of Arizona’s 2007 Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA) on the proportion of the state population characterized as foreign-born, as non-citizen, and as non-citizen Hispanic. We use the synthetic control method to select a group of states against which the population trends of Arizona can be compared. We document a notable and statistically significant reduction in the proportion of the Arizona population that is foreign-born and in particular, that is Hispanic noncitizen. The decline observed for Arizona matches the timing of LAWA's implementation, deviates from the time series for the chosen synthetic control group, and stands out relative to the distribution of placebo estimates for the remainder of states in the nation. Furthermore, we do not observe similar declines for Hispanic naturalized citizens, a group not targeted by the legislation. Our results on LAWA's impact on the housing market provide further support for our findings.illegal, unauthorized, undocumented, immigration, Hispanic, Arizona

The New Scarlet Letter? Negotiating the U.S. Labor Market with a Criminal Record

This book explores the difficulties facing ex-offenders as they try to enter and remain in the U.S. labor market.https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/1244/thumbnail.jp

Tensor Microwave Background Fluctuations for Large Multipole Order

We present approximate formulas for the tensor BB, EE, TT, and TE multipole coefficients for large multipole order l. The error in using the approximate formula for the BB multipole coefficients is less than cosmic variance for l>10. These approximate formulas make various qualitative properties of the calculated multipole coefficients transparent: specifically, they show that, whatever values are chosen for cosmological parameters, the tensor EE multipole coefficients will always be larger than the BB coefficients for all l>15, and that these coefficients will approach each other for l<<100. These approximations also make clear how these multipole coefficients depend on cosmological parameters.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D, references and comments on earlier work on the subject added, cosmetic modification of figure

The Science of Justice, Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force

The current report examines racial disparities in use of force across 12 law enforcement departments from geographically and demographically diverse locations and reveals that racial disparities in police use of force persist even when controlling for racial distribution of local arrest rates. Additionally, multiple participating departments still demonstrated racial disparities when force incidents were benchmarked exclusively against Part I violent arrests, such that Black residents were still more likely than Whites to be targeted for force