Deep Learning Models and Tools for Disaster Evacuation and Routing

MoDOT project # TR202202Engineering managers and transportations planners need robust tools to communicate evacuation routing plans following disruptions from earthquake events. The project will use the New Madrid Seismic Zone in South-East Missouri as a testbed for modeling the response to an earthquake and aftershocks at Magnitude 8+. This area was chosen as it allows solutions to specific regions with inadequate road networks, limited communications protocols, and high likelihood of structural damage for the proposed scenario. Research tasks include identifying road structure damage based on the Mercalli Intensity Scale, running traffic simulations for post-earthquake evacuation to determine the desired routes out of the area. This research will then be able to display the warning of the earthquake event along with the desired route for the end user. Effectively providing the safest navigation routes are a vital part of these planning efforts

Cognitive Relevance

This paper discusses the results of investigating simple, cognitive-based approaches to search. The emphasis is placed on simplicity, and determining if a simple ranking measure is sufficient for improved search precision. The measures chosen are concept-based since concept and context-based search improves precision. These results provide direction on the need for more complicated methods. If a simple, yet effective, distance measure is found for rank-ordering search results for improved precision, then approaches may be feasible for improving search precision in a shorter period of time at less cost. Moreover, the methods investigated use a natural language interface that enables far more complicated criteria while remaining intuitive to the casual user. Furthermore, these criteria better reflect search requirements than keywords alone. Two cognitive measures were investigated: a topology-based measure, and a cogency-based measure, both using a medical ontology. The corpus for testing search precision was sampled from NLM publication abstracts, and search results were scored by a physician. Results indicate that improving search precision via the simple use of these two measures, even though related to cognition, are insufficient for significant improvements in search precision. While a simple ranking metric is preferred, the results suggest that efforts to improve search precision are better spent on more complicated methods, for example, neural network-based approaches. These results aid in guiding future research

Post-Disaster Supply Chain Interdependent Critical Infrastructure System Restoration: A Review of Data Necessary and Available for Modeling

The majority of restoration strategies in the wake of large-scale disasters have focused on short-term emergency response solutions. Few consider medium- to long-term restoration strategies to reconnect urban areas to national 'supply chain interdependent critical infrastructure systems' (SCICI). These SCICI promote the effective flow of goods, services, and information vital to the economic vitality of an urban environment. To re-establish the connectivity that has been broken during a disaster between the different SCICI, relationships between these systems must be identified, formulated, and added to a common framework to form a system-level restoration plan. To accomplish this goal, a considerable collection of SCICI data is necessary. The aim of this paper is to review what data are required for model construction, the accessibility of these data, and their integration with each other. While a review of publically available data reveals a dearth of real-time data to assist modeling long-term recovery following an extreme event, a significant amount of static data does exist and these data can be used to model the complex interdependencies needed. For the sake of illustration, a particular SCICI (transportation) is used to highlight the challenges of determining the interdependencies and creating models capable of describing the complexity of an urban environment with the data publically available. Integration of such data as is derived from public domain sources is readily achieved in a geospatial environment, after all geospatial infrastructure data are the most abundant data source and while significant quantities of data can be acquired through public sources, a significant effort is still required to gather, develop, and integrate these data from multiple sources to build a complete model. Therefore, while continued availability of high quality, public information is essential for modeling efforts in academic as well as government communities, a more streamlined approach to a real-time acquisition and integration of these data is essential

Red Colouring Hyperchromic 3H-Naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans

Red colouring hyperchromic compounds having general formula (I), where R?1¿ is H, NR?2¿R?3¿, OR?4¿, SR?4¿ or R?7¿ wherein R?2¿ and R?3¿ are alkyl or carbocyclic groups or together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring; R?4¿ is the same as R?1¿ or is alkyl, perhaloallyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R?7¿ is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylthio, aryl, arylthio, heteroaryl, halogen, nitrile, carboxylate, ester, nitro, or a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring fused to faces f, gh, i, j or k; and R?5¿ is a cyclic aminoaryl group, an indolinoaryl group, a tricyclic nitrogen heterocycle, or an unsaturated cyclic aminoaryl group

Intense Colouring Photochromic 2H-Naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans and Heterocyclic Pyrans

A naphtho [1,2-$i(b)] pyran of general formula (I), wherein one or both of R?1¿ and R?2¿ is a 4-aminoaryl group; R?5¿ is selected from linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkyl, C¿1?-C¿20? cycloalkyl, C¿1?-C¿20? bicycloalkyl, C¿1?-C¿20? polycycloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? haloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? perhaloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? perhaloalkenyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkenyl, C¿1?-C¿10? alkynyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkoxy, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkylthio, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkoxy (linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkyl), linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? hydroxyalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? aminoalkyl, aryl, phenyl, heteroaryl, halogen, nitrile, nitro, amino, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, formyl, acetyl, amido, C¿1?-C¿5? alkylamido, C¿1?-C¿5? dialkylamido, aroyl, benzoyl, alkyl C¿1?-C¿5? amino, dialkyl C¿1?-C¿5? amino, arylamino, diarylamino, aryl C¿1?-C¿5? alkylamino and cyclicamino groups; arylsulfinyl, arylsulfanyl, arylsulfonyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkylsulfonyl, P(O)(O-C¿1?-C¿10? alkyl)¿2? or is the alkenyl function (II), wherein R?11¿ and/or R?12¿ and/or R?13¿ is hydrogen or is as defined for R?5¿, and R?3¿, R?4¿ and R?6¿-R?10¿ are each hydrogen or as defined R?1¿, R?2¿ or R?5¿. The compounds may be combined with a polymeric host material such as a plastic or a glass to make a sunglass lens, an ophthalmic lens or a window

Neutral Colouring Photochromic 2H-Naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans and Heterocyclic Pyrans and Their Use

A naphtho[1,2-$i(b)]pyran of general formula (I) wherein R?1¿ and R?2¿ are each selected from unsubstituted, mono-, di- or polysubstituted aryl groups, phenyl and naphthyl and heteroaryl groups. R?5¿ is selected from linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkyl, C¿1?-C¿20? cycloalkyl, C¿1?-C¿20? bicycloalkyl, C¿1?-C¿20? polycycloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? haloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? perhaloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? perhaloalkenyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkenyl, C¿1?-C¿10? alkynyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkoxy, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkylthio, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkoxy (linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkyl), linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? hydroxyalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? aminoalkyl, aryl, phenyl, heteroaryl, halogen, nitrile, nitro, amino, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, formyl, acetyl, amido, C¿1?-C¿5? alkyl amido, C¿1?-C¿5? dialkylamido, aroyl, benzoyl, alkyl C¿1?-C¿5? amino, dialkyl C¿1?-C¿5? amino, arylamino, diarylamino, aryl C¿1?-C¿5? alkylamino and cyclicamino groups, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfanyl, arylsulfonyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿10? alkylsulfonyl, P(O)(O-C¿1?-C¿10? alkyl)¿2? or is an alkenyl function of general formula (a) wherein R?11¿ and/or R?12¿ and/or R?13¿ is hydrogen or R?5¿, R?3¿, R?4¿, R?6¿, R?8¿ and R?10¿ are each hydrogen, R?1¿, R?2¿ or R?5¿; and R?7¿ and/or R?9¿ is hydrogen or an amino group provided that R?7¿ and R?9¿ are not both hydrogen. The compounds may be combined with a polymeric host material such as plastic or glass to make a sunglass lens, an ophthalmic lens or a window

Photochromic Substituted 2H-Naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans

A 2$i(H)-naphtho[1,2-$i(b)]pyran of general formula (I) wherein R?5¿ is substituted and where R?8¿ is selected from the substituents including hydrogen, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl, C¿3?-C¿20? cycloalkyl, C¿4?-C¿20? bicycloalkyl, C¿5?-C¿20? polycycloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? haloalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? perhaloalkyl, linear or branched C¿2?-C¿20? alkenyl, linear or branched C¿4?-C¿20? polyalkenyl, linear or branched C¿2?-C¿20? alkynyl, linear or branched C¿4?-C¿20? polyalkynyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? hydroxyalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkylcarbonyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? polyhydroxyalkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkoxy, linear of branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkylthio, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20?(C¿1?-C¿5? or C¿1?-C¿10?alkoxy)alkyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20?(C¿1?-C¿5? or C¿1?-C¿10?alkylthio)alkyl, benzoyl, aroyl, heteraroyl, phenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxyl, formyl, acetyl, linear or branched C¿3?-C¿20? alkenoyl, linear or branched C¿5?-C¿20? polyalkenoyl, nitrile, carboxyl, C¿1?-C¿20? or C¿1?-C¿5? alkoxycarbonyl, C¿1?-C¿20? $i(N)-alkylamido, C¿1?-C¿20? or C¿1?-C¿5?$i(N, N)-dialkylamido, amido, nitro, amino, C¿1?-C¿20? or C¿1?-C¿5? alkylamino, C¿1?-C¿20? dialkylamino, C¿2?-C¿20? dialkenylamino, C¿4?-C¿20?di(polyalkenyl)amino, arylamino, diarylamino, C¿1?-C¿20? alkylarylamino, cyclic-amino groups, arylsulfanyl, aryloxy, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkylsulfonyl, and di-(C¿1?-C¿10? or C¿1?-C¿20? alkoxyalkyl)phosphonyl and X includes O, S, NH, or the function R?8¿X is selected from aziridino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl aziridino, pyrrolidino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyo pyrrolidino, piperidino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl piperidino, morpholino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl morpholino, thiomorpholino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl thiomorpholino, indolino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl indolino, piperazino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl piperazino, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20?$i(N)-alkylpiperazino, linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20?$i(N)-hydroxyalkylpiperazino, $i(N)-phenylpiperazino,$i(N)-aryliperazino, homopiperidino, mono- or poly- substituted linear or branched C¿1?-C¿20? alkyl homopiperidino, $i(N)-indolinyl,$i(N)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, $i(N)-1,2,3,4,4a-hexahydrocarbazolyl. The compounds may be combined with polymeric host material such as plastic or glass or make a sunglass lens, an ophthalmic lens or a window. The compounds may also be included in an ink or a fuel