Can Modern Nuclear Hamiltonians Tolerate a Bound Tetraneutron?

I show that it does not seem possible to change modern nuclear Hamiltonians to bind a tetraneutron without destroying many other successful predictions of those Hamiltonians. This means that, should a recent experimental claim of a bound tetraneutron be confirmed, our understanding of nuclear forces will have to be significantly changed. I also point out some errors in previous theoretical studies of this problem.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures Revision corrects a pronou

Exclusionary Conduct, Effect on Consumers, and the Flawed Profit-Sacrifice Standard

The central thesis of this article is that the use of the profit-sacrifice test as the sole liability standard for exclusionary conduct, or as a required prong of a multi-pronged liability standard is fundamentally flawed. The profit-sacrifice test may be useful, for example, as one type of evidence of anticompetitive purpose. In unilateral refusal to deal cases, it can be useful in determining the non-exclusionary benchmark. However, the test is not generally a reliable indicator of the impact of allegedly exclusionary conduct on consumer welfare - the primary focus of the antitrust laws. The profit-sacrifice test also is prone to several significant pitfalls and often would be complex and subjective to implement in practice. As a result, relying on the profit-sacrifice test as the legal standard would lead to significant legal errors

Anticompetitive Overbuying by Power Buyers

Two types of single-firm overbuying are analyzed in this article. Predatory overbuying consists of overbuying inputs as a predatory strategy to cause buyer-side competitors in the input market to exit from the market or permanently shrink their capacity in order to gain monopsony power in the input market. Raising Rivals\u27 Costs (RRC) overbuying consists of overbuying inputs as an exclusionary strategy to raise rivals\u27 input costs and thereby gain market power in the output market. In most cases, the additional input purchases are used to produce output. However, in unusual cases a firm may engage in naked overbuying, that is, purchasing an input solely to deny it to rivals and then simply discarding the input

The First Principles Approach to Antitrust, Kodak, and Antitrust at the Millenium

In this essay, I reflect on an important contribution to the development of antitrust reasoning and law that arises out of the Supreme Court\u27s decision in Eastman Kodak Co. v. Technical Services, Inc. In particular, I discuss the decision\u27s relationship to what I have termed the first principles approach to market power and antitrust. In my view, one reason that Kodak is important is that it does not take a wooden approach in its economic reasoning. Instead, the opinion nimbly applies the basic principles of competitive analysis to a difficult dynamic context. This enables the majority to avoid rigid adherence to a single brand of economic orthodoxy, a strength demonstrated by the opinion\u27s evaluations of market definition and market power. This willingness to adapt to the continuing advances of economic analysis arising from new market conditions and new intellectual insights suggests that antitrust law is less likely to become an anachronism that will be superceded by some other form of governmental oversight

Analyzing Vertical Mergers to Avoid False Negatives: Three Recent Case Studies

This article analyzes three recent vertical mergers: a private antitrust case attacking the consummated merger of Jeld-Wen and Craftmaster Manufacturing Inc. (“CMI”) that was cleared by the DOJ in 2012 but subsequently litigated and won by the plaintiff, Steves & Sons in 2018; and two recent vertical merger matters investigated and cleared (with limited remedies) by 3-2 votes by the Federal Trade Commission in early 2019 -- Staples/Essendant and Fresenius/NxStage. There are some factual parallels among these three matters that make it interesting to analyze them together. First, the DOJ’s decision to clear Jeld-Wen/CMI merger appears to be a clear false negative, and the two dissenting Commissioner suggest that the recent FTC decisions similarly are false negatives. Second, the DOJ and possibly the FTC in Staples/Essendant may have overlooked the “Frankenstein Monster” scenario of input foreclosure. Third, both the DOJ and the FTC in Fresenius/NxStage also apparently relied on the absence of complaints in making their clearance decisions. The analysis of these mergers also suggests several policy implications involving the need to analyze the full range of anticompetitive concerns, the potential for merger retrospectives by independent (as opposed to staff) researchers, the height of the evidentiary burden on the agencies to show competitive harm in light of their limited budgets, and the need for greater transparency in Commission statements, as well as the potential errors in relying on a lack of complaints

THE EFFECT OF TITLE I OF THE 1949 FEDERAL HOUSING ACT ON NEW YORK CITY COOPERATIVE AND CONDOMINIUM CONVERSION PLANS

In 1985, three Manhattan housing projects were in litigation to convert the units from rental to condominiums or cooperative ownership. However, each project\u27s redevelopment agreement, consistent with Title I of the 1949 Federal Housing Act, required that no change be made without consent of the City Planning Commission and the Board of Estimates of the City. This Note analyzes whether the conversion of rental units built under Title I to ownership units constitutes a change as interpreted by the New York courts. The interpretation of the term change under the Title I redevelopment agreements will be analyzed from both the City of New York\u27s and the private developer\u27s views. In addition, the legislative purposes behind Title I\u27s enactment will be examined from the perspectives of both the City of New York and the private developer. Finally, the current status of Title I will be discussed. This Note concludes that a change, for purposes of New York City redevelopment agreements drafted pursuant to Title I, refers only to land use and density and does not relate to the form of ownership. Therefore, city approval should not be required for a Title I building to convert to condominium or cooperative status

Designing relational pedagogies with jam2jamXO

This paper examines the affordances of the philosophy and practice of open source and the application of it in developing music education software. In particular I will examine the parallels inherent in the ‘openness’ of pragmatist philosophy in education (Dewey 1916, 1989) such as group or collaborative learning, discovery learning (Bruner 1966) and learning through creative activity with computers (Papert 1980, 1994). Primarily I am interested in ‘relational pedagogies’ (Ruthmann and Dillon In Press) which is in a real sense about the ethics of the transaction between student and teacher in an ecology where technology plays a more significant role. In these contexts relational pedagogies refers to how the music teacher manages their relationships with students and evaluates the affordances of open source technology in that process. It is concerned directly with how the relationship between student and teacher is affected by the technological tools, as is the capacity for music making and learning. In particular technologies that have agency present the opportunity for a partnership between user and technology that enhances the capacity for expressive music making, productive social interaction and learning. In this instance technologies with agency are defined as ones that enhance the capacity to be expressive and perform tasks with virtuosity and complexity where the technology translates simple commands and gestures into complex outcomes. The technology enacts a partnership with the user that becomes both a cognitive and performative amplifier. Specifically we have used this term to describe interactions with generative technologies that use procedural invention as a creative technique to produce music and visual media