Eksplorasi Paradigma Negativitas sebagai Akar Kekerasan Kultural

Kekerasan tidak hanya digeluti dengan pendekatan sosiologis, politis, ekonomis atau anthropologis. Melengkapi pendekatan tersebut, kekerasan sebagai fenomena manusia didekati pula dari perspektif filosofis. Sebagai fenomena manusia, kekerasan tidak hanya berkaitan dengan sistem ekonomi, politik, budaya dan sosial; juga tidak hanya berkaitan dengan struktur sosial. Kekerasan terjadi juga pada wilayah kultural. Kekerasan kultural menuntun kita masuk pada wilayah internal manusia, yakni pada ranah kesadaran dan ketaksadaran. Karena itulah, kajian terhadap kekerasan kultural membutuhkan pula pendekatan filosofis: salah satunya pendekatan hermeneutika. Kajian hermeneutik akan menelusuri pola-pola berpikir yang mempengaruhi pemikiran dan kesadaran individual dan kolektif sedemikian rupa sehingga opsi yang dinyatakan ialah agenda dan praksis kekerasan. Pola berpikir yang dimaksud berkaitan dengan paradigma negatif. Paradigma negatif ini berkaitan dengan pola pikir yang terjajah (colonized mind). Pola pikir tersebut dapat dicermati melalui ungkapan verbal yang bersifat diametrikal seperti pribumi dan non-pribumi, asli dan pendatang. Preferensi pada paradgima negatif ini cenderung mendorong pilihan untuk melakukan kekerasan kultural, yang tampil baik dalam sistem dan struktur sosial. Dalam penelitian filosofis ini, kami memilih kasus kekerasan terhadap orang Tionghoa Indonesia sebagai konteks medan penelaahan epistemologis terhadap kekerasan kultural. Telaah epistemologi dalam rekaman sejarah kasus kekerasan terhadap orang Indonesia ini mencoba menyoroti preferensi pada negativitas sebagai salah satu akar fenomena kekerasan. Penelitian ini juga berupaya menawarkan paradigma afirmatif, sebagai wacana bagi preferensi opsi kepada pembentukan paradigma dan praksis yang mengutamakan pendekatan tanpa-kekerasan

Peranan Metode Activity Based Costing Dalam Menentukan Cost of Goods Manufactured

The purpose of this research is to know production process of a textile company in Bandung and to analyze the comparison between cost of goods manufactured calculation methods, that applied in the company (traditional costing method) and Activity Based Costing (ABC) method. The obatained data was performed monthly during the year 2009. Based on analysis result, Cost Of Goods Manufactured calculation for unpattern material using ABC method resulted the Cost Of Goods Manufactured that is lower than traditional costing method, and Cost Of Goods Manufactured calculation for pattern material using ABC method resulted the Cost Of Goods Manufactured that is higher than traditional costing method. ABC method can describes the real consumption resource needed in production process

INVESTORS BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA

This study aims to describe investor behavior in stock, mutual fund, and bank deposit. The psychology elements that are used in this research are mental accounting, representativeness, familiarity, considering the past, overconfidence, data mining, social interaction, fear and greed, status quo, and emotion. This research uses primary data with a help of questionnaire. The total respondent of this research is 110 people. Data collected by spreading questionnaire manually and online with the help of Google doc. The results showed that most of the respondents give positive respond to all of the elements. The element that has the highest mean value is familiarity element. It means that the respondent think that before they invest in something, they need to know first about that investment

Surface Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts Using Low Energy Ion Scattering Spectroscopy Combined with Electrochemistry

Fundamental studies of heterogeneous catalysis were performed and presented in this dissertation to gain a better understanding of heterogeneous catalytic reactions at a molecular level. Surface science techniques were employed in achieving the goal. Low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) is the main surface science technique which will be used in all the studies discussed throughout this dissertation. The main objectives of LEISS measurements are to: 1) obtain the information of surface composition of heterogeneous catalysts from the topmost layer; 2) observe the effects of reaction conditions on the surface composition of heterogeneous catalysts. The surface composition and morphology of Au-Pd clusters bimetallic model catalysts supported on SiO2 were characterized using LEISS, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). It is observed that relative to the bulk, the surface of the clusters is enriched in Au. Ethylene adsorption and dehydrogenation show a clear structure-reactivity correlation with respect to the structure/composition of these Au-Pd model catalysts. Fundamental studies of heterogeneous catalysis were performed and presented in this dissertation to gain a better understanding of heterogeneous catalytic reactions at a molecular level. Surface science techniques were employed in achieving the goal. Low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) is the main surface science technique which will be used in all the studies discussed throughout this dissertation. The main objectives of LEISS measurements are to: 1) obtain the information of surface composition of heterogeneous catalysts from the topmost layer; 2) observe the effects of reaction conditions on the surface composition of heterogeneous catalysts. The surface composition and morphology of Au-Pd clusters bimetallic model catalysts supported on SiO2 were characterized using LEISS, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). It is observed that relative to the bulk, the surface of the clusters is enriched in Au. Ethylene adsorption and dehydrogenation show a clear structure-reactivity correlation with respect to the structure/composition of these Au-Pd model catalysts

Mapping Of Mangrove Diversity In Kelurahan Tongkaina, Bunaken Sub-District, Manado

Penelitian ini berlokasi di kawasan pesisir pantai Kelurahan Tongkaina, Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghitung keanekaragaman hutan mangrove serta memetakan zonasi pembagian jenis mangrove di tiga stasiun penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer berkaitan dengan kondisi biofisik ekosistem mangrove yaitu, struktur vegetasi dan luasan mangrove di daerah penelitian dan selanjutnya dianalisis. Kemudian data sekunder dikumpulkan dari berbagai kajian literature, dokumentasi dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah serta peraturan Perundang-undangan terkait. Pada hasil yang diperoleh diketahui nilai indeks keanekaragaman mangrove di Tongkaina adalah 1,71 dimana nilai indeks ini tergolong dalam kategori keanekaragaman sedang, karena nilai H\u27 lebih besar dari 1 dan lebih kecil dari 3, yang berarti produktivitas cukup, kondisi ekosistem cukup seimbang, dan tekanan ekologis sedang. Indeks Keanekaragaman spesies tertinggi didapati pada Sonneratia alba dengan nilai indeks 0,37 dan terendah ada pada spesies Bruguiera gymnorrhiza yang memiliki nilai indeks yaitu 0,06. Pemetaan jenis mangrove dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan titik koordinat pada kuadran di tiga stasiun penelitian. Degradasi warna dengan simbol bulat di pakai untuk membedakan tiap spesies. Hal ini bertujuan agar dapat dengan mudah membedakan antar spesies secara visual serta dapat dijadikan salah satu metode kajian untuk memetakan keanekaragaman mangrove. Diketahui tingkat keanekaragaman mangrove tergolong sedang. Adanya kegiatan pertambakan dan tambatan perahu masyarakat membuat lahan mangrove semakin berkurang. Sangat diperlukan adanya perlindungan atau pelestarian melalui pengetahuan dan penyadaran kepada masyarakat, serta memberikan alternatif ekonomi bagi yang memanfaatkan mangrove baik untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga ataupun komersial, demi menjaga perkembangan kondisi yang lebih baik

Effects of Corporate Governance Variables on Earnings Management in Indonesia

To determine the effects of corporate governance on earnings management, this paper analyzed 171 annualreports from issued 2006 to 2009 by 57 non-financial, joint stock companies implementing GCG (GoodCorporate Governance) practices, which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Six corporategovernance variables (board composition, independent commissioners, separate chairman/CEO roles, auditcommittee, managerial share ownership, and audit quality) as well as three control variables (leverage, size,and ROA) were used. The results showed that two corporate governance variables significantly influencedearnings management practices (separate chairman/CEO roles and managerial share ownership); the othervariables had no effect because these companies used GCG practices only to follow regulations rather than tomonitor and control

Views of patients on a group diabetes education programme using motivational interviewing in South African primary care : a qualitative study

CITATION: Serfontein, S. & Mash, R. J. 2013. Views of patients on a group diabetes education programme using motivational interviewing in South African primary care : a qualitative study. South African Family Practice, 55(5)453-458.The original publication is available at http://www.safpj.co.zaObjectives: This study was a qualitative assessment of a diabetes group education programme presented in community health centres of the Cape Town Metro District. The programme offered four sessions of group education and was delivered by trained health promoters using a guiding style derived from motivational interviewing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the programme by exploring the experiences of the patients who attended. Design: This was qualitative research that utilised in-depth interviews. Thirteen patients who had attended the educational programme, and who each came from a different health centre in the intervention arm of a larger randomised controlled trial, were purposively selected. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and then analysed using the framework approach. Setting and subjects: Patients with type 2 diabetes from community health centres in the Cape Town Metro District. Results: Patients gained useful new knowledge about diabetes and reported a change in their behaviour, especially with regard to diet, physical activity, medication and foot care. The educational material was experienced positively and enhanced recall and understanding. Health promoters were competent, utilised useful communication skills and structured the material well. There were organisational and infrastructural problems, especially with regard to space within which the groups could meet, and communication of the timing and location of the sessions. Conclusion: This study supports wider implementation of this programme, following consideration of recommendations resulting from patient feedback.http://www.safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/3636Publisher's versio

The pressure fl ow relationship of the internal mammary artery after offpump anastomosis to the left anterior descending coronary artery

Objective: To assess the pressure flow relationship of the internal mammary artery (IMA) in situ, after skeletonisation and after anastomosis to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, using either halothane, sevoflurane or propofol as an anaesthetic agent. Methods: 15 Pigs were used in total, five received halothane, five sevoflurane and five propofol as an anaesthetic agent. The flow in the internal mammary artery in each of the pigs, was measured at various arterial pressures. This was done with the IMA in situ, then after dissecting the artery off the chest wall using the skeletonisation technique and finally after offpump grafting to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Results: The pressure flow relationship of the internal mammary artery after skeletonisation was found to be linear (r=0.8650). The pressure flow correlation after grafting the skeletonised internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery was found to be similarly linear (r=0.8766). In the sevoflurane subgroup, with the IMA still in situ, a degree of autoregulation was found to be present, but after skeletonisation this was subsequently lost (p=0.011). Conclusions: The pressure flow relationship in the internal mammary artery after skeletonising the vessel and after OPCAB anastomosis to the LAD was found to be linear. In the subgroup of pigs receiving sevoflurane, some degree of autoregulation was demonstrated in the in situ IMA. This remnant of autoregulation was lost after skeletonisation and after grafting of the vessel to the left anterior descending coronary artery. SAHeart 2009; 6:222-22