Effects of Injectable Trace Mineral Supplementation on Embryo Development and Quality in Superovulated Dairy Heifers—First Year Progress Report

Injectable supplementation of trace minerals is often used to combat the malabsorption of microminerals due to antagonists in feed and water. Previous research has shown that Multimin90, a commercial supplement containing copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium, has been shown to have a positive impact on reproductive efficiency and pregnancy rates in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of MultiMin90 on embryo quality in superovulated heifers. This report includes the preliminary results of the first year of an ongoing study. Though there was no difference in overall embryo quality, supplementation of MultiMin90 tended to reduce the proportion of nonfertilized embryos per flush and resulted in one more embryo per flush when compared to a saline-treated control

A Emergência da Ética Sociambiental em Sociedades Pluriculturais em Busca do Desenvolvimento Sustentável

This paper discusses the emergence of environmental ethics in multicultural societies, aiming to reconcile economic and social development and preservation of nature , which is the equitable distribution of wealth and natural resources. the realization of constructive criticism , guiding more equitable criteria for application of minimum and basic guidelines in pursuit of global environmental protection is intended . Therefore , issues such as the construction of environmental knowledge will be addressed , the possibility of a new look of man on the environment they live in and the sustainable development and social and environmental ethics project.O presente artigo discorre sobre a emergência da ética socioambiental em sociedades pluriculturais, objetivando a compatibilização entre desenvolvimento econômico social e preservação da natureza, que corresponde à distribuição equitativa de riquezas e recursos naturais. Pretende-se a realização de uma crítica construtiva, orientadora de critérios mais equitativos para aplicação de diretrizes mínimas e básicas em busca da proteção ambiental mundial. Para tanto, serão abordadas questões como a construção do saber ambiental, a possibilidade de um novo olhar do homem sobre o meio em que vive e o desenvolvimento sustentável como projeto da ética socioambiental

O DIREITO À CIDADE E A PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR NO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO MUNICIPAL

O presente trabalho, por meio de análise doutrinária, objetiva demonstrar a importância do planejamento da atuação do Poder Público, de forma a direcionar as políticas urbanas na garantia do bem-estar dos indivíduos, em atenção ao princípio da função social da cidade. Destaca-se, para tanto, a importância do Plano Diretor, previsto na Constituição Federal e no Estatuto da Cidade, enquanto principal instrumento de desenvolvimento e expansão urbana, orientando o exercício da Administração Pública municipal em atenção ao desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades. Pretende-se, ainda, atestar a essencialidade da gestão compartilhada da cidade, demonstrando-se, dessa forma, a potencialidade das audiências públicas na gestão eficiente dos espaços urbanos, propiciando a transparência das decisões políticas, com fins de justiça social, ressaltando-se, ainda, a essencialidade de uma participação popular eficaz na elaboração e atualização do Plano Diretor, conduzindo a uma gestão democrática e eficiente da cidade, legitimando a atuação do poder público, que deve estar intimamente vinculada aos anseios sociais. O presente trabalho busca, dessa forma, analisar, através do método indutivo-dedutivo, a gestão participativa do meio ambiente urbano, na construção de uma sociedade integradora, gestão esta direcionada na implantação de políticas públicas eficazes na garantia do bem-estar de todos. Palavras-chave: Cidade; Sustentabilidade; Planejamento; Participação popular

Cisteamina no tratamento do Melasma epidérmico / Cysteamine in the treatment of epidermal Melasma

O melasma é uma desordem comum de hipermelanose em áreas expostas ao sol, de padrão clínico centro-facial, malar oumandibular, usualmente devida a mudanças hormonais, tais como uso de anticoncepcionais e gestação. É mais comum em mulheres e, apesar de acometer todas as raças, prevalece nos fototipos III e IV da escala de Fitzpatrick. A classificação epidérmica corresponde a 70% dos casos, em que é observado aumento de melanina na epiderme basal e suprabasal, com resposta reservada a agentes clareadores.A L-cisteamina é o produto do metabolismo da L-cisteína, sendo um antioxidante intrínseco que promove a quelação de íons de ferro e cobre, além de aumentar a síntese de glutationa intracelular. Como resultado de tais ações ocorre a inibição das enzimas tirosinase e peroxidase, logo inibindo a síntese de melanina. Estudos indicaram maior poder de despigmentação da cisteamina quando comparado com a hidroquinona, sendo útil quando há falha na fórmula de Kligman (combinação de hidroquinona, ácido retinoico e dexametasona). Um estudo duplo-cego randomizado controlado com placebo concluiu a eficácia do uso do creme de cisteaminaa 5% no tratamento do melasma epidérmico, sendo utilizado o Dermacatch como ferramenta precisa de medição colorimétrica da pele. Efeitos adversos incluem eritema, secura, coceira, sensação de queimação e irritação, além de relatos de odor semelhante ao enxofre. Resultados puderam ser observados após 2 a 4 meses de aplicação da substância.Sabendo-se que o melasma é uma desordem de hiperpigmentação da pele difícil de tratar e que muitos pacientes mostram resistência aos produtos despigmentantes atualmente disponíveis, a cisteamina revela-se como uma nova opção terapêutica com comprovado perfil de eficácia e segurança no seu tratamento

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Effects of Injectable Trace Mineral Supplementation on Embryo Development and Quality in Superovulated Dairy Heifers—First Year Progress Report

Injectable supplementation of trace minerals is often used to combat the malabsorption of microminerals due to antagonists in feed and water. Previous research has shown that Multimin90, a commercial supplement containing copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium, has been shown to have a positive impact on reproductive efficiency and pregnancy rates in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of MultiMin90 on embryo quality in superovulated heifers. This report includes the preliminary results of the first year of an ongoing study. Though there was no difference in overall embryo quality, supplementation of MultiMin90 tended to reduce the proportion of nonfertilized embryos per flush and resulted in one more embryo per flush when compared to a saline-treated control.</p

Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities

Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection