Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oil-Containing Waste

Basing on the experimental data the optimal parameters of the pyrolysis of heavy and residual hydrocarbons of oil were defined as follows: temperature of 500 °С; catalyst  of CoCl2 with the catalyst loading 5% (wt.) of the substrate weight. Under the optimal conditions the kinetic investigation of the pyrolysis process was carried out using the thermogravimetric method. According to the investigation, it was found that the activation energy of the catalytic pyrolysis of oil-containing waste decreased by 20-30 kJ/mol in comparison to non-catalytic process. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reservedReceived: 13th July 2015; Revised: 25th March 2016; Accepted: 1st April 2016How to Cite: Chalov, K., Lugovoy, Y., Kosivtsov, Y., Sulman, M., Sulman, E., Matveeva, V., Stepacheva, A. (2016). Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oil-Containing Waste. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (3): 330-338 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.3.572.330-338)Permalink/DOI: http://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.572.330-33

Stydy of the cobalt containing catalyst synthesized in the medium of supercritical carbon dioxide

The article shows the possibility of using of supercritical carbon dioxide for the synthesis of catalytically active systems. A cobalt-containing catalyst supported on silica was synthesized by supercritical deposition. Physicochemical study of the obtained sample showed that, during the synthesis in the medium of supercritical carbon dioxide, the structure of the support does not change; the particles of the active phase are distributed evenly on the support surface with a thin layer

Investigation of flax shive thermal destruction kinetic process

The use of waste biomass for energy purposes is currently of great interest to scientific and industrial groups around the world. Flax shive is a waste of flax processing industry, which can be used for energy purposes. The most interesting are the processes of thermal processing, making maximum use of the energy potential of the processed biomass wastes. Such methods of thermal processing include various types of pyrolysis. The paper presents the results of a kinetic study of the pyrolysis process of flax bonfire in the temperature range up to 600 °C using the experimentally obtained data of dynamic thermogravimetry. To find the kinetic parameters and the kinetic model of the process, we used model–independent methods and methods of nonlinear regression. Mathematical processing of the experimentally obtained data made it possible to determine the formal kinetic mechanism of the pyrolysis process of flax shive, the kinetic parameters and the temperature interval of each stage of the process. The obtained kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process of the flax shive in the future will allow optimizing the industrial pyrolysis technology, to reduce the time spent on carrying out research and construction works. This kinetic model of pyrolysis process contains 4 stages of decomposition of flax shive, corresponding to the processes of moisture loss and thermal destruction of flax shive components — hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The significant mass of the carbonaceous residue obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of flax shive (about 29% by weight) allows us to conclude that it is potentially possible to use it further for the production of carbon-containing materials. Finally, conclusions about the applicability of flax shive as a raw material for obtaining carbon sorbents will help to make the results of further studies of strength, surface and sorption properties

Influence of natural alumosilicate materials on the process of thermal processing of waste biomass waste

The process of pyrolysis of plant biomass wastes using thermogravimetric analysis, as well as by conducting experiments using a laboratory pyrolysis plant, was studied. As a raw material for pyrolysis, chopped husk of sunflower seeds with a moisture content of 5,6%; ash content is 3.2% and the lowest specific heat of combustion is 17,6 kJ / g was used. The study of the thermal stability of husk was carried out in the temperature range up to 600 °C and allowed to determine the main peaks of mass loss of the sample, the amount of volatile products and the solid residue formed as a result of pyrolysis. The influence of the size of the feedstock fraction on the process characteristics was studied. Intensification of the pyrolysis process was carried out by direct application of natural aluminosilicate materials into pyrolyzable raw materials with a mass content of 10% of the weight of the initial sample. The effect of the aluminosilicate materials used on the process characteristics was evaluated by changing the conversion (into gaseous, liquid, solid products), by changing the heat of combustion and the composition of the pyrolysis gases. A comparison of activity in the pyrolysis process of the investigated natural aluminosilicate materials with the commercially available synthetic zeolite ZSM-5 was performed. The processing of the obtained experimental data made it possible to select the most active catalyst among the clays and compare them with each other and with a synthetic zeolite. According to the data obtained, montmorillonite clay is the most accessible and leading to an increase in the heat value of pyrolysis gases. When using this aluminosilicate as a catalyst for direct application in the process of pyrolysis of husks of sunflower seeds, the mass fraction of gaseous products increased by 4,3%, while the combustion gas of combustion gas increased by 8.8 MJ/m3, by increasing the total yield of C1–C4 hydrocarbons by 12,7% in comparison with the non-catalytic process

Oil-crop biomass conversion using polymerstabilized catalysts

Palladium-based catalysts supported on hypercrosslinked polystyrene were studied in the hydroconversion processes of oilseed biomass: (I) deoxygenation in a conventional solvent; (II) deoxygenation in supercritical hexane; (III) hydrogenation in toluene. It was shown that the highest selectivity towards the formation of target product, as well as the highest rate of stearic acid conversion in all the investigated processes, was observed using a 1% -Pd/HPS catalyst

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production

This paper is devoted to the production of second generation biodiesel via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids. Pd/C catalysts with different metal loading were used. The palladium catalysts were characterized using low-temperature nitrogen physisorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was revealed that the most active and selective catalyst was 1%-Pd/C which allowed reaching up 97.5% of selectivity (regarding to n-heptadecane) at 100% conversion of substrate. Moreover, the chosen catalyst is more preferable according to lower metal content that leads the decrease of the process cost. The analysis of the catalysts showed that 1%-Pd/C had the highest specific surface area compared with 5%-Pd/C. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reservedReceived: 31st July 2015; Revised: 9th December 2015; Accepted: 30th December 2015How to Cite: Stepacheva, A.A., Sapunov, V.N., Sulman, E.M., Nikoshvili, L.Z., Sulman, M.G., Sidorov, A.I., Demidenko, G.N., Matveeva, V.G. (2016). Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (2): 125-132 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.538.125-132)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.538.125-132Article Metrics: (click on the button below to see citations in Scopus)

Mechanism of aromatic compound acylation in Friedel–Krafts reaction

In current work, the mechanism of Friedel–Krafts acylation reaction of aromatic compounds is studied. While producing aromatic ketones, the substrate undergoes the interaction with an acyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is initiated by the formation of donor/acceptor complex. In some scenarios carbonylation as a side, reaction can occur. Current work reviews the synthesis of [2.2]cyclophane according to Crame and Truesdale as an example of acylation application in complex molecules synthesis as well as the reactivity of different aromatic compounds in Friedel–Krafts reactions

Lignin-containing feedstock hydrogenolysis for biofuel component production

In this paper, the commercial 5%Pd/C and 5%Pt/C catalysts and synthesized 5%Pt/MN-270 and 5%Pd/MN-270 were used in the hydrogenolysis of lignocellulosic material (softwood sawdust) to obtain liquid fuels in the form of hydrocarbons. As lignin has a very complex structure, anisole was used as a model compound. It was found that the use Pt-containing catalysts based on hypercrosslinked polystyrene in both processes of anisole and lignin-containing feedstock conversion allowed obtaining the highest yield of oxygen-free hydrocarbons (up to 96 wt. %). Besides, the polymer based catalysts showed high stability in hydrogenolysis process in comparison with the commercial carbon based catalysts