Strength Analysis of an Electric Scooter Frame During Simulation of an Obstacle Collision at 45 Degrees

This paper describes the simulation of a 45° angle collision of a modelled electric scooter frame including suspension with a non-deformable wall using the finite element method. Includes creation of a CAD geometric model using the surface method with the necessary components and constraints modelled in Abaqus CAE. During the crash test simulations, the frame was found to pose no danger to the driver in a 45° angle crash simulation at 45 km/h. However, in a 45° angle impact at 85 km/h there is a risk of crushing the rider\u27s leg

Effect of alignment errors on operation of machine tool spindle with active bearing preloading module

The article describes a test stand with a spindle equipped with an active bearing preload system using piezoelectric actuators. The proper functioning of the spindle and the active system was associated with the correct alignment of the spindle shaft and the drive motor. The article presents two methods of shaft alignment. The use of commonly known shaft alignment methods with dial indicators is insufficient from the viewpoint of being able to control this preload. This work aims at making the readers aware that, for systems with active bearing preload, the latest measuring devices should be used to align the shaft. The use of commonly known methods of equalization with dial gauges is insufficient from the point of view of controlling this preload. Increasing the accuracy of shaft alignment from 0.1 to 0.01 mm made it possible to obtain a 50% reduction in the displacement of the outer bearing ring during spindle operation

Development of FEM model of an angular contact ball bearing with its experimental verification

The article presents FEM model of an angular contact ball bearing used in spindle systems with active preload control. A two-dimensional replacement model for a single rolling element was developed. Its elastic characteristics were determined and the stress distribution was presented for the FEM 2D model. Based on the elastic characteristics for a single rolling element, a complete 3D bearing was modelled. The substitute model of a bearing developed in this way was used to model the spindle system. The elasticity curve of this spindle was determined. The last stage of the work involved the experimental verification of the FEM model using a custom-built test bench, in which piezoelectric elements were used to preload the bearings

Method of reconstructing dynamic load characteristics for durability test Indexed by: of heavy semitrailer under different road conditions

The aim of the article is to present and validate a methodology for collecting road load data on a vehicle, driving on roads and analysis of a drive data signal under the wheel in the time domain, using FRF (Frequency Response Function) and the MTS 320 eight-poster inertia reacted road simulator. The elaborated drive data, was used to control the actuators forcing the movements of the wheels and the coupling part of the semi-trailer during durability tests. The road tests were carried out by registering physical variables in the time domain, by a set of sensors mounted on a vehicle. The data was collected from roads categorized as motorways, national and local roads. Differences between the variability of the parameters, collected on the roads and the variability of the drive data under the wheel, were determined for the particular types of roads, for loaded and unloaded vehicle. The obtained accuracy of reconstruction of the road load data conditions was as high as 97%. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for reliable durability tests with use of the road simulator