In thrombin stimulated human platelets Citalopram, Promethazine, Risperidone, and Ziprasidone, but not Diazepam, may exert their pharmacological effects also through intercalation in membrane phospholipids in a receptor-independent manner

Intercalation of drugs in the platelet membrane affects phospholipid-requiring enzymatic processes according to the drugs’ intercalation capability. We investigated effects of Promethazine, Citalopram, Ziprasidone, Risperidone, and Diazepam on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and polyphosphoinositide (PPI) metabolism in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. We also examined effects of the drugs on monolayers of glycerophospholipids using the Langmuir technique. Diazepam did not influence PLA2 activity, had no effects on PPI cycle, and caused no change in mean molecular area of phospholipid monolayers. The remaining psychotropic drugs affected these parameters in different ways and levels of potency suggesting that they act by being intercalated between the molecules of adjacent membrane phospholipids, thus causing changes in substrate availability for phospholipid-hydrolyzing enzymes (PLA2 and Phospholipase C). We show that several psychotropic drugs can also have other cellular effects than receptor antagonism. These effects may be implicated in the psychotropic effects of the drugs and/or their side effects

Chalcogenide - Mold Interactions During Precision Glass Molding (Pgm) Of Geasse Glasses

Five chalcogenide glasses in the GeAsSe ternary glass system were melted, fabricated into flats, and molded between planar, uncoated, binderless WC molds using a laboratory-scale precision glass molding machine. The five glasses originate at the binary arsenic triselenide (As40Se60) and are modified by replacing As with Se in 5 mol% increments, or by locking the As:Se ratio and adding Ge, also in 5 mol% increments. The glasses are separated into two groups, one for the Ge-free compositions and the other for the Ge-containing compositions. This effort analyzes the differences between the Ge-containing and the Ge-free glasses on the post-molded glass and mold surface behavior, as well as the mold lifetime. Fabrication features, such as scratch and/or dig marks were present on the glass and mold surfaces prior to the PGM process. White light interferometry analysis of the surfaces shows an overall reduction in the RMS roughness of the glass after molding, and an increase of the roughness of the molds, after 15 molding cycles. After molding, the quantity of observable defects, primarily deposits and dig marks are increased for both the glass and mold surfaces. Deposits found on the WC molds and glasses were analyzed using Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and showed no evidence of being due to material transfer between the WC molds and the glass constituents. In general the main observable difference in the analysis of the two post molded sets, despite the changes in chemistry, is the quantity of molding induced defects near the edge of the GeAsSe samples. © 2013 SPIE

Monolithical optical freeform element for an IR line camera

Within this paper, we present a novel approach for an optical system for a near infrared (IR) line camera, which exists of only one monolithical optical element with 3 optical free form surfaces. The optical design was performed with respect to the following requirements given by the application: wavelength range 0.9 ?m to 1.7 ?m, field angle 75° x 2°, horizontal angular resolution 0.5°. Within the design process one of the three optical surfaces is formed biconic, two are realized as cylindrical surface. The calculated component was realized by means of diamond UP manufacturing. Two of the optical surfaces were metallized to work as mirrors for the above mentioned spectral range. The realized element has a size of less than 8 cm3; it was finally characterized

Lens array manufacturing using a driven diamond tool on an ultra precision lathe

The integration of a high spced spindic onto an Ultra Precision (UP) lathe gives the ability to manufacture aspheric lens arrays with high form accuracy, bw roughness and a precise pitch control in diamond machinable metal alloys, crystals and plastic substrates. The machine kinematics of the precision lathe with two linear and one rotary axis has a major impact 011 the NC-code generation and the tool setting process. The present paper illustrates the general set-up and the tool path generation in detail. The achieved form accuracy and surface roughness of the lens arrays are shown and discussed