Reconnection and Disconnection: Observations of Suprathermal Electron Heat Flux Dropouts

Suprathermal electron heat flux dropouts (HFD) serve as a sensitive test of the magnetic topology of the inner heliosphere. Since the heat flux electron strahl always flows away from the Sun, a heat flux dropout should indicate either that the magnetic field line is completely disconnected from the Sun or that the heat flux strahl is scattered into other pitch angles. We present observations of two suprathermal electron heat flux dropout events observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft which occur simultaneously with impulsive energetic ion events. Since suprathermal electrons encompass the same velocity range as ions with energies of a few MeV/nucleon, the similarities and differences between them as observed at 1 AU probes the sources and transport of these two species. We compare the two events to show the difference between the signatures of a simple disconnection and a more complicated reconnection scenario. Comparing suprathermal electron modulations with energetic ion modulations is a powerful technique for determining the magnetic topology between particle injection at the Sun and observation at 1 AU

Creating Pathways to Employment: The Role of Industry Partnerships in Preparing Low-Income Youth and Young Adults for Careers in High-Demand Industries

This report considers the best practices and the lessons learned from the National Fund's Youth/Industry Partnership Initiative (YIPI) which promoted investment in and engagement of young adult workers in Boston, MA; Hartford, CT; Seattle, WA; Mobile, AL; San Francisco, CA; and Des Moines, IA. This report looks across the entire YIPI project to isolate the most important information learned about successful recruitment, engagement, and placement of young adults

De novo transcriptome assembly of the Southern Ocean copepod Rhincalanus gigas sheds light on developmental changes in gene expression

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Berger, C. A., Steinberg, D. K., Copley, N. J., & Tarrant, A. M. De novo transcriptome assembly of the Southern Ocean copepod Rhincalanus gigas sheds light on developmental changes in gene expression. Marine Genomics, (2021): 100835, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2021.100835.Copepods are small crustaceans that dominate most zooplankton communities in terms of both abundance and biomass. In the polar oceans, a subset of large lipid-storing copepods occupy central positions in the food web because of their important role in linking phytoplankton and microzooplankton with higher trophic levels. In this paper, we generated a high-quality de novo transcriptome for Rhincalanus gigas, the largest—and among the most abundant—of the Southern Ocean copepods. We then conducted transcriptional profiling to characterize the developmental transition between late-stage juveniles and adult females. We found that juvenile R. gigas substantially upregulate lipid synthesis and glycolysis pathways relative to females, as part of a developmental gene expression program that also implicates processes such as muscle growth, chitin formation, and ion transport. This study provides the first transcriptional profile of a developmental transition within Rhincalanus gigas or any endemic Southern Ocean copepod, thereby extending our understanding of copepod molecular physiology.Funding for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grants OPP-1746087 to AMT and OPP-1440435 to DKS)

Development of Electronic Fishery Information Systems for West Coast and National Fisheries: Proceedings of Two Workshops, May 3-4, 2011 Portland, OR, September 8-9, 2011 Seattle, WA, Final Report, June 2012

Fisheries nationwide are facing major challenges that require collection of real time (RT) and near real time (NRT) information. High-resolution RT and NRT data are critical for addressing a variety of fishery needs including quota accounting, observer coverage, bycatch management, electronic logbook and fish ticket requirements, research and monitoring, spatial mapping, and product tracking and marketing. But there are major questions about the development and use of these electronic fishery information systems (eFIS): Who owns the data and how will they be shared? Can data be used to improve the economic success of the industry while also meeting regulatory requirements? How do we avoid costly and duplicative systems? And how do we ensure that systems designed to share data also protect individual privacy? The transition to RT and NRT electronic systems poses potential benefits but also raises major questions. This document summarizes the proceedings of two workshops to discuss implementation of eFIS for West Coast (May 3-4, 2011 in Portland, OR) and national (September 8-9, 2011 in Seattle, WA) fisheries. At each workshop stakeholders discussed critical issues and developed recommendations for designing and implementing eFIS systems. A number of important principles emerged about which there was general consensus within and across the two workshops. These principles form a set of findings and recommendations to guide successful eFIS developmen

Actin Organization as an in Vitro Assay for Tumorigenicity

The endpoints of in vivo and in vitro assays applied to cells after exposure to a potential oncogenic transforming agent are cellular tumorigenicity and transformation. Tumors are failures of in vivo growth control; transformations are failures of in vitro growth control. Many agents cause tumors in vivo, many agents transform normal cultured cells, and some agents do both. However, even when caused by a single agent, the in vivo and in vitro endpoint assays show only a partial overlap. That is, some but not all tumors will grow as transformed cells in culture, and some but not all in vitro transformants will be tumorigenic on injection into susceptible animals (Shin et ai., 1975). Recently, we have described a subset of in vitro phenotypic changes that correlate with in vivo tumorigenicity (Steinberg et ai., 1979; Barrett et ai., 1979; Pollack, 1981). In this chapter, we will describe recent studies on one of the in vitro changes linked to tumorigenicity, the disruption in organization of cytoskeletal actin