Occupants in manifolds

Let K be a subset of a smooth manifold M. In some cases functor calculus methods lead to a homotopical formula for M minus K in terms of the subspaces M minus S, where S runs through the finite subsets of K.Comment: There is a sequel to this paper: title "Configuration categories and homotopy automorphisms". v2: some typos corrected, v3: some errors in section 1 corrected. v4: more errors corrected and therefore number of authors increased from 1 to 2. v5: more errors corrected especially in section 3. v6: just a few typos corrected and pointers adde

Modeling of ductile damage using numerical analyses on the micro-scale

The presentation deals with a continuum damage model which has been generalized to take into account the effect of stress state on damage criteria as well as on evolution equations of damage strains. It is based on the introduction of damaged and corresponding undamaged configurations. Plastic behavior is modeled by a yield criterion and a flow rule formulated in the effective stress space (undamaged configurations). In a similar way, damage behavior is governed by a damage criterion and a damage rule considering the damaged configurations. Different branches of the damage criterion are considered corresponding to various damage mechanisms depending on stress intensity, stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter. Experiments with carefully designed specimens are performed and the test results are used to identify basic material parameters. However, it is not possible to determine all parameters based on these tension and shear tests. To be able to get more insight in the complex damage behavior under different loading conditions, additional series of micro-mechanical numerical analyses of void containing unit cells have been performed. These finite element calculations on the micro-level cover a wide range of stress triaxialities and Lode parameters in the tension, shear and compression domain. The numerical results are used to show general trends, to develop equations for the stress-statedependent damage criteria, to propose evolution equations of damage strains, and to identify parameters of the continuum model