Results of surgical treatment of patients with aortoiliac atherosclerosis

АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗАРТЕРИОСКЛЕРОЗАТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗАОРТЫ АНЕВРИЗМААОРТЫ АНЕВРИЗМЫ РАЗРЫВАОРТЫ РАЗРЫВАОРТО-ПОДВЗДОШНАЯ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ /ХИРКРИТИЧЕСКАЯ ИШЕМИЯ КОНЕЧНОСТИ /ДИАГНЦель. Изучить результаты хирургического лечения пациентов с аорто-подвздошной патологией в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Материал и методы. В исследование включено 103 пациента с аортальной патологией, которые были направлены в клинику сосудистой хирургии с 2015 по 2017 гг. Прооперировано 53 пациента с аорто-подвздошным атеросклерозом и 50 пациентов с аневризмой абдоминальной аорты. Показанием к операции были перемежающаяся хромота, критическая ишемия конечности или острый тромбоз аорты у пациентов с аорто-подвздошным атеросклерозом. Показанием к операции у пациентов с аневризмой абдоминальной аорты была аневризма более 5,5 см в поперечном диаметре или разрыв аневризмы. Ранние результаты хирургического лечения пациентов оценивали по частоте послеоперационных осложнений и летальных исходов. Результаты. Из 53 пациентов с аорто-подвздошным атеросклерозом 49 (92,5%) пациентов были прооперированы в плановом порядке и 4 (7,5%) пациента были прооперированы ургентно. Выполнено 52 (98,2%) аорто-бифеморальных шунтирования и один (1,8%) аорто-феморальный (односторонний) шунт. Три осложнения (6,1%) наблюдались у пациентов, которые были прооперированы в плановом порядке, и одно осложнение (25%) у пациента, которого оперировали в ургентном порядке. Среди ургентных пациентов смертность составила 25%, среди плановых – 2,0%. Прооперированы 28 пациентов с бессимптомной аневризмой абдоминальной аорты и 22 пациента с разрывом аневризмы абдоминальной аорты. Смертность после плановой операции составила 3,6%. У пациентов с разрывом аневризмы абдоминальной аорты смертность составила 40,9%. Заключение. Хорошие и удовлетворительные результаты планового хирургического лечения симптоматического аорто-подвздошного атеросклероза в раннем послеоперационном периоде составили 98%, асимптоматической аневризмы аорты – 96,4%. Смертность после ургентной операции при разрыве аневризмы составила 40,9%. Хирургическое лечение аневризмы аорты показано у пациентов с низким и средним хирургическим риском.Objective. To investigate the results of surgical treatment of patients with aortoiliac pathology in the early postoperative period. Methods. In the study 103 patients with aortoiliac pathology were included, who were referred to the Clinic of Vascular Surgery from 2015 to 2017 years. 53 patients were operated on because of aortoiliac atherosclerosis and 50 patients – because of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The indications for surgery were limiting claudication, critical limb ischemia or acute thrombosis of the aorta in patients with aortoiliac atherosclerosis. The indication for surgery in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm was the aneurysm over 5.5 cm in the transverse diameter or the ruptured aneurysm. Early results of patients’ surgical treatment were assessed by the frequency of postoperative complications and deaths. Results. 49 (92.5%) out of 53 patients with aortoiliac atherosclerosis were operated on as planned and 4 (7.5%) patients were operated on urgently. 52 (98.2%) aortobifemoral bypasses and one (1.8%) aortofemoral (unilateral) bypass were performed. Three complications (6.1%) occurred postoperatively in patients operated on according to plan and one complication (25%) – in patients operated urgently. The mortality rate was 25% in urgent patients and 2.0% in planned patients. 28 patients with asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm and 22 with the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were operated on. The mortality in the planned patients was 3.6%. 40.9% mortality rate was registered in the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. Conclusions. Early good and satisfactory results of the routine surgical treatment of symptomatic aortoiliac atherosclerosis in the early postoperative period accounted 98%, asymptomatic aortic aneurysm – 96.4%. Mortality after urgent surgery with aneurysm rupture made up 40.9%. Surgical treatment of aortic aneurysm is indicated in patients with low and moderate surgical risk

Application-infrastructure co-programming: managing the entire complex application lifecycle

With an estimated 20 billion connected devices by 2020 generating enormous amounts of data, more data-centric ways of working are needed to cope with the dynamic load and reconfigurability of on-demand computing. There is a growing range of complex, specialised means by which this flexibility can be achieved, e.g. Software-defined networking (SDN). Specification of Quality of Service (QoS) constraints for time-critical characteristics, such as network availability and bandwidth, will be needed, in the same way that compute requirements can be specified in today's infrastructures. This is the motivation for SWITCH -- an EU-funded H2020 project addressing the entire lifecycle of time-critical, self-adaptive cloud applications by developing new middleware and tools for interactive specification of such applications. This paper presents a user-facing perspective on SWITCH by discussing the SWITCH Interactive Development Environment (SIDE) Workbench. SIDE provides a programmable and dynamic graphical modeling environment for cloud applications that ensures efficient use of compute and network resources while satisfying time-critical QoS requirements. SIDE enables a user to specify the software components, properties and requirements, QoS parameters, machine requirements and their composition into a fully operational, multi-tier cloud application. In order to enable SIDE to represent the software and infrastructure constraints and to communicate them to other SWITCH components, we have defined a co-programming model using TOSCA that is capable of representing the application's state during the entire lifecycle of the application. We show how the SIDE Web GUI, along with TOSCA and the other subsystems, can support three use cases and provide a walk-through of one of these use cases to illustrate the power of such an approach

Application-infrastructure co-programming: managing the entire complex application lifecycle

With an estimated 20 billion connected devices by 2020 generating enormous amounts of data, more data-centric ways of working are needed to cope with the dynamic load and reconfigurability of on-demand computing. There is a growing range of complex, specialised means by which this flexibility can be achieved, e.g. Software-defined networking (SDN). Specification of Quality of Service (QoS) constraints for time-critical characteristics, such as network availability and bandwidth, will be needed, in the same way that compute requirements can be specified in today's infrastructures. This is the motivation for SWITCH -- an EU-funded H2020 project addressing the entire lifecycle of time-critical, self-adaptive cloud applications by developing new middleware and tools for interactive specification of such applications. This paper presents a user-facing perspective on SWITCH by discussing the SWITCH Interactive Development Environment (SIDE) Workbench. SIDE provides a programmable and dynamic graphical modeling environment for cloud applications that ensures efficient use of compute and network resources while satisfying time-critical QoS requirements. SIDE enables a user to specify the software components, properties and requirements, QoS parameters, machine requirements and their composition into a fully operational, multi-tier cloud application. In order to enable SIDE to represent the software and infrastructure constraints and to communicate them to other SWITCH components, we have defined a co-programming model using TOSCA that is capable of representing the application's state during the entire lifecycle of the application. We show how the SIDE Web GUI, along with TOSCA and the other subsystems, can support three use cases and provide a walk-through of one of these use cases to illustrate the power of such an approach

Kin discrimination promotes horizontal gene transfer between unrelated strains in Bacillus subtilis.

This is the final version. Available from Nature Research via the DOI in this record. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and in Source Data file. Genome sequences are available in the NCBI database under genome accession numbers VBRL00000000, VBRM00000000, VBRN00000000, VBRO00000000, VBRQ00000000 and VBRR00000000. Source data are provided with this paper.Bacillus subtilis is a soil bacterium that is competent for natural transformation. Genetically distinct B. subtilis swarms form a boundary upon encounter, resulting in killing of one of the strains. This process is mediated by a fast-evolving kin discrimination (KD) system consisting of cellular attack and defence mechanisms. Here, we show that these swarm antagonisms promote transformation-mediated horizontal gene transfer between strains of low relatedness. Gene transfer between interacting non-kin strains is largely unidirectional, from killed cells of the donor strain to surviving cells of the recipient strain. It is associated with activation of a stress response mediated by sigma factor SigW in the donor cells, and induction of competence in the recipient strain. More closely related strains, which in theory would experience more efficient recombination due to increased sequence homology, do not upregulate transformation upon encounter. This result indicates that social interactions can override mechanistic barriers to horizontal gene transfer. We hypothesize that KD-mediated competence in response to the encounter of distinct neighbouring strains could maximize the probability of efficient incorporation of novel alleles and genes that have proved to function in a genomically and ecologically similar context.Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS

Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in Carnivores in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran Using Mitochondrial DNA

Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis, a serious zoonotic disease present in many areas of the world. The parasite is maintained in nature through a life cycle in which adult worms in the intestine of carnivores transmit infection to small mammals, predominantly rodents, via eggs in the feces. Humans may accidentally ingest eggs of E. multilocularis through contact with the definitive host or by direct ingestion of contaminated water or foods, causing development of a multivesicular cyst in the viscera, especially liver and lung. We found adult E. multilocularis in the intestine and/or eggs in feces of all wild carnivores examined and in some stray and domestic dogs in villages of Chenaran region, northeastern Iran. The life cycle of E. multilocularis is being maintained in this area by wild carnivores, and the local population and visitors are at risk of infection with alveolar echinococcosis. Intensive health initiatives for control of the parasite and diagnosis of this potentially fatal disease in humans, in this area of Iran, are needed

A barrier to homologous recombination between sympatric strains of the cooperative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus

The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus glides through soil in search of prey microbes, but when food sources run out, cells cooperatively construct and sporulate within multicellular fruiting bodies. M. xanthus strains isolated from a 16 × 16-cm-scale patch of soil were previously shown to have diversified into many distinct compatibility types that are distinguished by the failure of swarming colonies to merge upon encounter. We sequenced the genomes of 22 isolates from this population belonging to the two most frequently occurring multilocus sequence type (MLST) clades to trace patterns of incipient genomic divergence, specifically related to social divergence. Although homologous recombination occurs frequently within the two MLST clades, we find an almost complete absence of recombination events between them. As the two clades are very closely related and live in sympatry, either ecological or genetic barriers must reduce genetic exchange between them. We find that the rate of change in the accessory genome is greater than the rate of amino-acid substitution in the core genome. We identify a large genomic tract that consistently differs between isolates that do not freely merge and therefore is a candidate region for harbouring gene(s) responsible for self/non-self discrimination

Live Imaging of Mitosomes and Hydrogenosomes by HaloTag Technology

Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes represent remarkable mitochondrial adaptations in the anaerobic parasitic protists such as Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis, respectively. In order to provide a tool to study these organelles in the live cells, the HaloTag was fused to G. intestinalis IscU and T. vaginalis frataxin and expressed in the mitosomes and hydrogenosomes, respectively. The incubation of the parasites with the fluorescent Halo-ligand resulted in highly specific organellar labeling, allowing live imaging of the organelles. With the array of available ligands the HaloTag technology offers a new tool to study the dynamics of mitochondria-related compartments as well as other cellular components in these intriguing unicellular eukaryotes

Investigation of process parameter effect on anisotropic properties of 3D printed sand molds

The development of sand mold three-dimensional printing technologies enables the manufacturing of molds without the use of a physical model. However, the effects of the three-dimensional printing process parameters on the mold permeability and strength are not well known, leading the industries to keep old settings until castings have recurring defects. In the present work, the influence of these parameters was experimentally investigated to understand their effect on the mold strength and permeability. Cylindrical and barshaped test specimens were printed to perform, respectively, permeability and bending strength measurements. Experiments were designed to statistically quantify the individual and combined effect of these process parameters. While the binder quantity only affects the mold strength, increasing the recoater speed leads to both greater permeability and reduced strength due to the reduced sand compaction. Recommendations for optimizing some 3D printer settings are proposed to attain predefined mold properties and minimize the anisotropic behavior of the sand mold in regard to both the orientation and the position in the job box

Charged-particle production as a function of the relative transverse activity classifier in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

Measurements of charged-particle production in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions in the toward, away, and transverse regions with the ALICE detector are discussed. These regions are defined event-by-event relative to the azimuthal direction of the charged trigger particle, which is the reconstructed particle with the largest transverse momentum pTtrig in the range 8 < 15 GeV/c. The toward and away regions contain the primary and recoil jets, respectively; both regions are accompanied by the underlying event (UE). In contrast, the transverse region perpendicular to the direction of the trigger particle is dominated by the so-called UE dynamics, and includes also contributions from initial- and final-state radiation. The relative transverse activity classifier, RT=NchT/NchT, is used to group events according to their UE activity, where NchT is the charged-particle multiplicity per event in the transverse region and NchT is the mean value over the whole analysed sample. The energy dependence of the RT distributions in pp collisions at s = 2.76, 5.02, 7, and 13 TeV is reported, exploring the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling properties of the multiplicity distributions. The first measurements of charged-particle pT spectra as a function of RT in the three azimuthal regions in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV are also reported. Data are compared with predictions obtained from the event generators PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC. This set of measurements is expected to contribute to the understanding of the origin of collective-like effects in small collision systems (pp and p–Pb)