The morphology of anomalous cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere

The well established cosmic ray transport equation describes the physics of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere and is thought to be complete. Its solution for anomalous cosmic rays has special characteristics due to the local acceleration of these particles at the solar wind termination shock. Some of these characteristics are demonstrated here, namely effects by the strength of the shock, shock drift, the cutoff in the spectrum at the shock, species scaling, drift, and ionization

HotGrid: Graduated Access to Grid-based Science Gateways

We describe the idea of a Science Gateway, an application-specific task wrapped as a web service, and some examples of these that are being implemented on the US TeraGrid cyberinfrastructure. We also describe HotGrid, a means of providing simple, immediate access to the Grid through one of these gateways, which we hope will broaden the use of the Grid, drawing in a wide community of users. The secondary purpose of HotGrid is to acclimate a science community to the concepts of certificate use. Our system provides these weakly authenticated users with immediate power to use the Grid resources for science, but without the dangerous power of running arbitrary code. We describe the implementation of these Science Gateways with the Clarens secure web server

SOAP Services with Clarens: Guide for Developers and Administrators

The Clarens application server enables secure, asynchronous SOAP services to run on a Grid cluster such as one of those of the TeraGrid. There is a Client, who wants to use the service and understands the application domain enough to form a reasonable service request; a Developer, who is a power-user of the TeraGrid, who understands both Clarens and the application domain, and creates and deploys a service on a TeraGrid head node; and there is a Root system administrator, who controls the Clarens installation and the cluster on which it runs. The purpose of this document is to provide all of the information a service developer needs to know in order to deploy a Clarens service, with information also provided for the system administrator of the Clarens installation. First we discuss how each of the three roles see the service

Structural vulnerabilities and healthcare services integration

Home to one fifth of all people living with HIV, South Africa carries the world’s heaviest burden of this disease. While a significant proportion of those infected are immigrants from other African high-prevalence countries, little is known about how these migrants engage with healthcare systems in shifting cultural and clinical settings. This article draws on fieldwork from migrant communities and twenty-one ethnographic life histories told by HIV-positive Mozambicans in a major South African HIV clinic. From their collective narratives, a range of structural vulnerabilities are found that limit immigrants’ access to, and proper integration within, healthcare services. These include perilous migration, xenophobia and deportation, exclusion and exploitation, language barriers, medical pluralism, cultural estrangement, social isolation, and the stigmas of being HIV-positive. In conjunction, these structural factors may delay treatment-seeking and inhibit drug adherence, which could increase rates of morbidity and mortality as well as contribute to viral mutation and antiretroviral drug resistance

The Transverse Musculocutaneous Gracilis Flap for Breast Reconstruction Educational Illustration Series

Advancements in medicine have allowed surgeons a menu of options in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. A conundrum exists, however, in flap selection when faced with varying patient body types. In the case of the athletic patient who does not have the appropriate amount of donor site tissue to warrant a Transverse Rectus Abdominus Musculocutaneuos Flap (TRAM) the Transverse Musculocutaneous Gracilis Flap (TMG) is an appropriate alternative due to its functional and aesthetic benefits. An intricate and timely process, the TMG procedure can be difficult to understand for the layperson. Therefore, a need for a condensed and standardized description exists. By breaking the process down and illustrating the procedure one can effectively deliver the information for use across all realms of publication and education

Simbool en waarheid

Die waarde van die simbool berus op sy basies bipolêre karakter, wat ook etimologies in die woord simbool opgesluit lê. Die Griekse symbolon, waaruit die term afgelei is, dra die betekenis van waarmerk, oorspronklik ’n herkenningsteken in die vorm van twee helftes van dieselfde voorwerp wat by sluiting van ’n ooreenkoms geskei en later as bewys op mekaar gepas is

Kind, religie en boek

Al sou ’n agnostikus of Kommunis ook op die teendeel hoop, bestaan daar eenvoudig nie so iets soos ’n kind sonder religieuse elemente in sy samestelling nie. Hipoteties kan dus beweer word dat, omdat die kind van religie nooit heeltemal losgemaak kan word nie, dié uiters belangrike element ook in sy literatuur ’n neerslag behoort te vind. Of dit inderdaad aangetref word, is egter ’n ander saak. Dis nodig om eers vas te stel wát die kind se religieuse instelling behels

Legitimate Corruption: Ethics of Bureaucracy and Kinship in Central Asia

The World Bank and Transparency International rank the Central Asian republics as highly corrupt. This is an opinion that is also shared by international media and by NGO personnel and academics working on the ground in these countries. Yet, the kind of practices that are labelled as “corrupt” by these observers seem much too diverse to meaningfully be covered by the same term, such as illicit selling and buying of government contracts at the highest level; tax evasion in the millions; the faster processing of a passport for a relative; and a taxi driver bribing the traffic police. This presents both an analytical and an ethical problem. This article argues that condemning discourses on corruption are often used by the powerful both nationally and internationally to dominate colonised and marginalised groups. Such groups, excluded from or exploited within formal structures, rely on networks and communities for their livelihoods. The upkeep of these social relations comes into conflict with the imperatives of state law and bureaucracy. Anti-corruption thus becomes a weapon of the strong against the weak and aligns with a long history of colonial tradition of domination and vilification of those “yet-to-be-civilised.” Its focus on regions of the Global South such as Central Asia marks a continuation of colonial legacy but also the region's continued marginality in the capitalist world system. This article posits that in order solve these analytical and ethical problems, we must be careful not to conflate a legal state-notion of corruption with a moral one thus accepting as default the perspective of the dominant groups running states and organisations

Opportunities for integrated pest management to control the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae

Dermanyssus gallinae is the most economically important ectoparasite of laying hens in Europe. Control of D. gallinae is already hampered by issues of pesticide resistance and product withdrawal and, with the prohibition of conventional cages in 2012 and the resulting switch to more structurally complex housing which favours red mite, the importance of managing this pest will increase. Integrated Pest Management (IPM), as often employed in agricultural pest control, may be a way to address these issues where a combination of different novel control methods could be used with/without conventional management techniques to provide a synergistic and more efficacious effect. Work at in our laboratory has shown that essential oils including thyme and garlic may act as effective D. gallinae repellents and acaricides, whilst preliminary vaccine studies have demonstrated a significant increase in mite mortality in vitro using concealed antigens. Work elsewhere 27 has considered predators and fungi for D. gallinae control and other husbandry techniques such as manipulating temperature and lighting regimes in poultry units. This paper will review the available and emerging techniques for D. gallinae control and discuss which techniques might be suitable for inclusion in an integrated management programme (e.g. synthetic acaricides and diatomaceous earths)

Model en werkwyse by literatuurondersoek – Beredeneer en toegepas op Drie kaal koppe eet tesame (Jan Rabie)

The point is made unequivocally that a scientist cannot work with a model and a method of science uncritically derived from somebody else