Etude stratigraphique des spores dans les couches de transition "Gedinnien-Siegenien" à Nonceveux et à Spa (Belgique)

Gedinnian-Siegenian transition beds (Lower Devonian) have been studied palynologically at Nonceveux and Spa. 140 Spore taxa are recorded, 50 of which are common to both sections. The latter have allowed the recognition of three biozones to which a fourth can be added for Nonceveux only. The four biozones can be used for correlations on the south flank of the Dinant Synclinorium and with Wales. Reworked acritarchs associated with the spores allowed further observations to those made known already by Vanguestaine (1979). It is evidently possible to erect a viable biostratigraphy for the littoral sediments of the Lower Devonian in the Ardennes

A key for the identification of cryptospores

Dispersed spores interpreted as deriving from the earliest land plants have complex configurations (e.g. permanent dyads and permanent tetrads) and are readily distinguished from the more familiar trilete spores that often dominate post-Late Silurian dispersed spore assemblages. These forms occur mainly from the Middle Ordovician to Early Devonian. They were first recognised in 1971, but it was not until 1979 that the process of formal description commenced. In 1984 they were included in a newly created higher taxonomic grouping called ‘cryptospores’, the term reflecting their complex morphology and then the ongoing debate regarding their affinities. Subsequently the exact definition of the term cryptospore has been debated, with some preferring a wide definition encompassing all non-marine palynomorphs produced by algae and early land plants, but others confining inclusion to spores deriving from early embryophytes. Since their recognition, numerous ‘cryptospore’ taxa have been described. However, their complex morphologies are difficult to interpret and numerous taxonomic debates have confused the delineation of genera and their classification into higher ranks. Here we present a key for the identification of ‘cryptospore’ taxa with the aim of clarifying some of this confusion

The early evolution of land plants, from fossils to genomics: a commentary on Lang (1937) ‘On the plant-remains from the Downtonian of England and Wales'

© 2015 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. The file attached is the published version of the article

Palynology of the Devonian rocks of the Arabian Plate: the migration of the first forests.

peer reviewe

The presence and importance of Quadrisporites in the Tawil Formation, Lochkovian, Saudi Arabia

peer reviewe

First evidence of Devonian strata in Sweden - A palynological investigation of Ovedskloster drillcores 1 and 2, Skane, Sweden

Palynological analyses were carried out on 50 samples from the Övedskloster 1 (Ö1) and 2 drillcores (Ö2), southern Sweden. The study revealed well-preserved palynological assemblages including 77 spore species in 28 genera, and some additional forms retained under open nomenclature. The spore assemblages are collectively dominated by trilete spores in terms of abundance and diversity and have been ascribed to two informal palynozones (Assemblage A and Assemblage B), based on the representation of spore taxa. The presence of the spore species Acinosporites salopiensis, Chelinohilates erraticus, Cymbohilates allenii, Cymbohilates allenii var. magnus, and Retusotriletes maccullockii indicates that the stratigraphic succession spans the Silurian–Devonian boundary (Přídolí–Lochkovian), and thus constitutes the first robust evidence of Devonian strata on the Swedish mainland. These results have implications for the age of fossil faunas (e.g. fish) from the same deposits, previously dated as late Silurian. Palynofacies analyses reveal a shallowing-upward succession with nearshore marine marls at the base of the investigated core, grading into sandstones in conjunction with a decrease in the relative abundance of marine palynomorphs. The uppermost 70 m are mainly represented by red sandstones that are devoid of recognizable palynomorphs and host only phytodebris. We interpret this interval to represent predominantly paralic to fluvial deposits equivalent to facies represented in the Old Red Sandstone of Britain

Palaeophytogeography of Early Devonian plants as evidenced by integrated analysis of plant megafossils and dispersed spores

peer reviewe

Dispersed spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian Rañeces - La Vid groups of Northern Spain: Palaeogeographical implications

Dispersed spore assemblages are described from the Early Devonian (late Lochkovian-late Emsian) Rañeces Group (Asturias) and equivalent La Vid Group (Leon) of Northern Spain. The lower part of both groups consists predominantly of limestone and yields only impoverished palynological assemblages. However, the upper parts contain more clastic sediments and yield rich assemblages of well preserved palynomorphs. These are dominated by marine forms but also include abundant spores. Sixty-two spore taxa are reported from the Valporquero Formation (Leon). These all belong to a single assemblage that can be equated with the lindlarensis-sextantii Assemblage Zone (mid-early late Emsian age) erected in northern Gondwana. The sequences are independently age constrained by conodont and invertebrate macrofossil evidence and the ages derived from these studies are concordant with the assigned spore zones. The Spanish spore assemblages are from deposits that accumulated around the Armorican Terrane Assemblage (ATA), a group of islands that lay between the continents of Laurussia and Gondwana. Jacaard Index analysis indicates that the Valporquero Formation spore assemblage is endemic, and not closely related to those previously described from Laurussia or Gondwana, although it has more in common with the latter. This suggests that the Armorican Terrane Assemblage was widely separated from both Laurussia and Gondwana, but was located closer to and had more connectivity with Northern Gondwana

Fragments of the earliest land plants

The earliest fossil evidence for land plants comes from microscopic dispersed spores. These microfossils are abundant and widely distributed in sediments, and the earliest generally accepted reports are from rocks of mid-Ordovician age (Llanvirn, 475 million years ago). Although distribution, morphology and ultrastructure of the spores indicate that they are derived from terrestrial plants, possibly early relatives of the bryophytes, this interpretation remains controversial as there is little in the way of direct evidence for the parent plants. An additional complicating factor is that there is a significant hiatus between the appearance of the first dispersed spores and fossils of relatively complete land plants (megafossils): spores predate the earliest megafossils (Late Silurian, 425 million year ago) by some 50 million years. Here we report the description of spore-containing plant fragments from Ordovician rocks of Oman. These fossils provide direct evidence for the nature of the spore-producing plants. They confirm that the earliest spores developed in large numbers within sporangia, providing strong evidence that they are the fossilized remains of bona fide land plants. Furthermore, analysis of spore wall ultrastructure supports liverwort affinities