A Systematic and Methodological Review of Attentional Biases in Eating Disorders: Food, Body, and Perfectionism

Objective: The current systematic and methodological review aimed to critically review existing literature utilizing implicit processing, or automatic approach- and/or avoidance-related attentional biases between eating disorder (ED) and nonclinical samples, which: (1) highlights how psychophysiological methods advance knowledge of ED implicit bias; (2) explains how findings fit into transdiagnostic versus disorder-specific ED frameworks; and (3) suggests how research can address perfectionism-related ED biases. Method: Three databases were systematically searched to identify studies: Pubmed, Scopus, and PsychInfo electronic databases. Peer-reviewed studies of 18-39-year-olds with both clinical ED and heathy samples assessing visual attentional biases using pictorial and/or linguistic stimuli related to food, body, and/or perfectionism were included. Results: Forty-six studies were included. While behavioral results were often similar across ED diagnoses, studies incorporating psychophysiological measures often revealed disease-specific attentional biases. Specifically, women with bulimia nervosa (BN) tend to approach food and other body types, whereas women with anorexia nervosa (AN) tend to avoid food as well as overweight bodies. Conclusions: Further integration of psychophysiological and behavioral methods may identify subtle processing variations in ED, which may guide prevention strategies and interventions, and provide important clinical implications. Few implicit bias studies include male participants, investigate binge eating disorder, or evaluate perfectionism-relevant stimuli, despite the fact that perfectionism is implicated in models of ED

Zestaw turbiny wodnej z kierownicą nurtu - model matematyczny momentu napędowego

This paper presents the idea of the wheel water turbine with an innovative current steering, due to its structure, operation principle and innovative way to use the energy offlowing water This device meets the prevailing trends in the energy and water authorities issuing environmental decisions and preferred low-speed and law-falling turbine to minimize the impact on the ecosystem. The use of the described solution allows for the effective gain of the energy from watercourses that are economically unviable or impossible for technical reasons of the use of conventional turbines. The described device is the water turbine with a vertical axis rotor and planetary motion blades. They were also the power and torque of the rotor designated for the heptagonal solution based on the component of the relative velocity of water moving towards the rotor blades

Badania innowacyjnej turbiny wodnej

The possibility of using rivers with small depths and dips to produce electricity requires building innovative turbines. Prototype of a new turbine is tested on a natural watercourse, and is designed to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics. Water turbines installed on the rivers with small dips and depths without the need for building any extra bottlenecks may contribute to development of micro power plants

Metoda obliczania temperatury powietrza w otwartej warstwie powietrznej

The building envelopes with the open air layer are common in building energy-efficient houses. In such buildings, air gap is used for moisture elimination from a surface of external wall, which improves its thermal properties. To improve the thermal quality of building envelopes with open air layer and reduce the heat transfer rate during the cold period, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth study of heat exchange in the ventilated layer of air. The article presents a mathematical model of heat transfer through building envelopes with an open air layer for the cold season. In the proposed mathematical model connective and radiant heat fluxes were considered separately

The improvement in neurocognitive functioning in anorexia nervosa adolescents throughout the integrative model of psychotherapy including cognitive remediation therapy

Abstract Background Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) experience difficulties in neurocognitive functioning in the acute phase of illness which might be related to clinical presentation, but also in the apparently remitted state after weight recovery. Among the most commonly reported persistent deficits is cognitive inflexibility, which can be interpreted as a vulnerability trait or a “neuropsychological scar” reflecting the detrimental effect of prolonged semi-starvation in patients with a long duration of illness. Studies of adolescent samples with a relatively short clinical course may enable avoiding the effect of prolonged illness and help to determine whether neuropsychological deficits are trait or state dependent. The aim of this study is to assess cognitive functioning in adolescents with AN before and after the inpatient treatment programme, including cognitive remediation therapy (CRT). Methods Forty-seven adolescent female inpatients with AN diagnosed according to DSM-5 and fifty healthy female adolescents matched for the education level and age were recruited. The patients underwent a multimodal treatment including a ten-week CRT. The standardized and cross-validated neuropsychological (Trail Making Test – TMT A and B, Color-Word Stroop Task – CWST, Ruff Figural Fluency Test – RFFT) and clinical measurements (Beck Depression Inventory – BDI, Eating Attitude Test – EAT-26, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale – Y-BOCS) were used to assess both clinical (in the acute phase and after partial weight recovery) and control subjects. Results Initially, AN patients performed significantly worse compared to the controls, but afterwards, inpatient treatment improvement was noted on all examined measures. In a few subtests (TMT, CWST) performance of AN patients after the programme was still significantly poorer than in HC. Conclusions Cognitive inflexibility in adolescent AN patients, as measured with TMT, CWST, and RFFT tends to improve after therapy. Nevertheless, a few neuropsychological subtests which did not show complete normalization may warrant attention in subsequent studies. Further research including control intervention is needed to conclude whether CRT intervention affects the outcome

CFD Modelling of Fire Ventilation in Road Tunnels

Cel: Celem pracy było wykonanie symulacji numerycznej rozwoju pożaru w tunelu drogowym za pomocą programu Fire Dynamics Simulator. Na tej podstawie została dokonana analiza wpływu mocy źródła pożaru na efektywność działania systemu wentylacji pożarowej. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z rozwojem pożaru. Skupiono się na aspektach teoretycznych parametrów, takich jak: rozchodzenie się dymu, rozwój pożaru, widzialność, szybkość wydzielania ciepła oraz temperatura maksymalna. Systemy wentylacji pożarowej, które są stosowane w tunelach drogowych zostały przedstawione na schematach, a także omówione zostały zasady ich działania. Kolejną część artykułu poświęcono przedstawieniu podstaw teoretycznych programu Fire Dynamics Simulator. Ostatnia część pracy zawiera opis przeprowadzonych badań oraz analizę i porównanie wyników. W części badawczej wykonano symulacje czterech scenariuszy, w zależności od mocy pożaru. Zebrane dane zostały poddane analizie. Sprawdzono, jak zachowuje się pożar w przestrzeni zamkniętej w zależności od mocy jego źródła. Dodatkowo przetestowano efektywność działania zastosowanego systemu wentylacji. Łącznie wykonano symulacje numeryczne z mocami pożaru: 202 MW, 157 MW, 119 MW oraz 67 MW. Metodologia: Artykuł został opracowany na podstawie przeglądu literatury i dostępnych w niej wyników prac naukowych dotyczących dynamiki zjawiska pożaru w tunelach drogowych, jak również badań numerycznych CFD w programie Fire Dynamics Simulator. Wnioski: Na podstawie wykonanych badań numerycznych przybliżono zjawiska, jakie zachodzą w trakcie pożaru w tunelu drogowym. Otrzymane dane można analizować i interpretować, wyciągając przy tym wnioski, które mogą zwiększyć bezpieczeństwo w tunelach. Jednym z najważniejszych aspektów, który ma bezpośredni wpływ na bezpieczeństwo ludzi podczas pożaru jest dobór odpowiedniego systemu wentylacji. Na rynku istnieje wiele rozwiązań systemowych, posiadających zarówno wady, jak i zalety. W badanych przypadkach wykorzystano wentylację wzdłużną wraz z dwoma wentylatorami wywiewnymi. Wentylacja wzdłużna wytwarzała przepływ powietrza o prędkości 2 m/s w całym przekroju tunelu. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników można stwierdzić, że przepływ powietrza o prędkości 2 m/s ogranicza rozprzestrzenianie się ciepła na wysokości 1,8 m od poziomu podłoża tunelu, niezależnie od mocy pożarów przyjętych w badaniach. Najwcześniej temperatura zaczęła wzrastać dla pożaru o mocy 119 MW, a najpóźniej dla pożaru o mocy 67 MW. W dalszych częściach tunelu temperatura zmieniała się w wąskim zakresie i nie przekroczyła 22 ̊C. Temperatura nad źródłem dochodziła do wartości 700 ̊C, natomiast za centrum pożaru maksymalna temperatura wynosiła około 1200 ̊C.Aim: The purpose of this work was to perform numerical simulation of fire development in a road tunnel using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) programme. On this basis, an analysis of the impact of the fire source's power on the effectiveness of the fire ventilation system was performed. The first stage of the work presents issues related to fire development. The focus was on presenting the theoretical part of the parameters, such as smoke propagation, fire development, visibility, heat release rate and maximum temperature. The next stage of the article focuses on presenting the theoretical foundations about the Fire Dynamics Simulator program. The last stage of the work contains a description of the conducted research, as well as the analysis and comparison of results. In the research part, simulations of 4 scenarios were carried out, depending on the fire power. The collected data was analysed and conclusions were drawn. It was checked how a fire in a confined space behaves depending on the power of the source. In addition, the effectiveness of the ventilation system used was tested. Introduction: Numerical simulations are used to improve fire safety in road tunnels. Numerical calculations allow to assess the suitability of the fire protection systems used. One such programme is the Fire Dynamics Simulator, which was discussed at work. In addition, theoretical issues related to fire development were presented. Issues such as maximum temperature, visibility, the process of smoke propagation and the power of fire were raised. Fire ventilation systems that are used in road tunnels are presented in the diagrams, along with the principles of their operation discussed. In total, numerical simulations with fire performance were performed: 202 MW, 157 MW, 119 MW and 67 MW.Methodology: The article was compiled on the basis of the review of literature available in the publications of the results of scientific works on the dynamics of the fire phenomenon in road tunnels, as well as numerical CFD studies in the Fire Dynamics Simulator program. Conclusions: Based on the numerical tests carried out, the phenomena that occur during a fire in a road tunnel are approximated. The data received can be analysed and interpreted, and conclusions can be drawn to increase safety in tunnels. One of the most important aspects that has a direct impact on the safety of people during a fire is the selection of an appropriate ventilation system. There are many system solutions on the market that have both pros and cons. In the cases studied, longitudinal ventilation was used along with two exhaust fans. Longitudinal ventilation generated airflow at the velocity of 2 m / s in the entire tunnel cross-section. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the airflow rate of 2 m / s limits the spread of heat at a height of 1.8 m from the ground level of the tunnel, regardless of the power of fires adopted in the tests. The earliest temperature increase occurred for a 119 MW fire, and at the latest for a fire of 67 MW. In the further parts of the tunnel, the temperature changed in a narrow range and did not exceed 22 ̊C. The temperature over the source reached 700 ̊C, while the centre of the fire reached the maximum temperature of 1200 ̊C

Personal Construct Theory of George A. Kelly

George Kelly was an influential psychologist who offered the Personal Construct Theory (1955) to the field of personality psychology. PCT proposed a theoretical perspective of how people make sense of their worlds through the continuous testing and refinement of personal constructs in an effort to achieve a sense of mastery over their environment for the purpose of creating a greater sense of predictability and understanding of themselves and the people and events around them. PCT was also used by Kelly as the bases of personality assessment with the development of the Role Construct Repertory Test and his therapeutic approach to helping individuals with psychological problems understand and modify their maladaptive constructs

Właściwości akustyczne i cieplne izolacji refleksyjnej

The paper presents the test results of acoustic insulation properties of reflective insulation. The experiments were performed for three different types of insulation and two values of air gap, namely 2 cm and 4 cm. A significant reduction of the sound level was recorded. Selected thermal and mechanical properties are also given in the paper