Integrated device having an array of photodetectors and an array of sample sites

An integrated device for detecting emissions from a sample (70) involves forming an array of photo detectors (20) for detecting the emissions and forming an array of sites for receiving the sample such that edges of the sites are defined by edges of the photo detectors. A side wall of a site using a diode can provide a side wall suitable for ink- jet printing samples such as biomolecules with no extra mask steps. This helps enable the sample and the photo detector to be mutually aligned more easily or more cost effectively than conventional devices where the site for receiving the sample is formed separately from the photo detector. The detection can be in any direction, such as lateral or vertical detection. Lateral optical detection with a shielded photodiode means only light emanating from one pixel/spot is detected. A light source (200) to stimulate emissions can be integrated

Perspectives on Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment and Gender Roles:A Qualitative Study of Similarities and Differences between Sexes

This study aims to compare the experiences of women and men of different age groups with regard to their first autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and gender roles to inform our understanding in clinical practice of differences as well as similarities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted amongst 22 women ( n = 12) and men ( n = 10) in three adult age groups regarding their diagnostic process, symptoms, treatment, and gender roles. Participants also filled out questionnaires on gender traits, social support, coping, and quality of life. Framework analysis guidelines were followed to identify subthemes within the three pre-defined key themes of the semi-structured interviews, and quantitative analyses were performed on the questionnaire results. Women often had caregiver roles and were more focused on social and family-oriented life aspects than men. Family and societal expectations may have been different for women from an early age onward and were considered burdensome by some, but not all. Views on ASD diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment were largely individually determined. The questionnaire results mostly showed no significant sex differences. Perceived gender roles differed between participants. In diagnosis and treatment, awareness of general gender differences and gender roles is important, but inter-individual differences and similar experiences in men should not be overlooked. </p