Livestock policy alternatives: national and interregional analysis

Four policies dealing with concerns and perceived problems in the livestock sector of the agricultural economy are investigated. The four issues examined are increased meat exports, increased use of roughage feeds in beef production, greater beef imports and lower beef marketing weights;Offsetting feed grain and soybean exports with meat exports benefits both livestock and crop farmers. Net farm income increases as much as 140 percent at high levels of meat exports. Also, employment in the agricultural sector increases 81 percent as we substitute the value added export of meat for feed grains and soybeans;Increasing production of roughage-fed beef as a substitute for grain-fed benefits most regions with relative advantages in roughage production. Nationally, net farm income declines by less than 1 percent, but employment in the agricultural sector increases by 3 percent;Increasing beef imports decreases land use by nine million acres as feed demands decline. With lower domestic beef production and feed production net farm income falls by 12 percent. Employment in the agricultural sector is adversely affected, falling by 8 percent;Feeding beef animals to lighter weights increases feed efficiencies per animal, but also increases total feed demands since a larger breeding herd is required to produce more feeder cattle. Net farm income is higher by 4.6 percent and employment in the agricultural sector increases by nearly 2 percent

The Livestock Sector Submodel: A Description of Coefficient and Activity Development

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the methodology used in calculating coefficients for the livestock sector of the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development\u27s (CARD) linear programming models. The livestock sector consists of four basic livestock activities—feeder cattle producing, feeder cattle finishing, dairy producing, and pork producing. These activities produce agricultural livestock commodities and nitrogen waste while requiring feed, water, energy, and capital. Four basic sources are used for the construction of the livestock sector—The Federal Enterprise Data System (FEDS), Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle, Dairy, and Swine published by the National Research Council, Utilizing Animal Waste as a Source of Nitrogen and Agricultural Resource Assessment System Technical Committee unpublished working papers

Optimal Stochastic Advertising Strategies for the U.S. Beef Industry

An important decision variable in the promotional strategy for the beef sector is the optimal level of advertising expenditures over time. Optimal stochastic and deterministic advertising expenditures are derived for the U.S. beef industry for the period `1966 through 1980. They are compared with historical levels and gains realized by optimal advertising strategies are measured. Finally, the optimal advertising expenditures in the future are forecasted

Resource Conservation Act Analysis: A Documentation of the Endogenous and Exogenous Livestock Sectors of the Agricultural Resource Interregional Modeling System

One of the major sectors within the Agricultural Resource Interregional Modeling System is the livestock sector. There are two types of sectors developed in this manuscript. When location and rations of the livestock sector can be fixed, and the analysis is not going to significantly impact the sector, a fully exogenous sector can be implemented. However, in many cases location of livestock production depends on the competitive nature of each region. This can change as a result of a shift in production, resource limitations, resource surpluses, changes in resource availability or costs, etc. If the analysis is to evaluate the impacts these types of changes will have an livestock, then a partially endogenous livestock sector is required

Livestock policy alternatives: national and interregional analysis

Four policies dealing with concerns and perceived problems in the livestock sector of the agricultural economy are investigated. The four issues examined are increased meat exports, increased use of roughage feeds in beef production, greater beef imports and lower beef marketing weights;Offsetting feed grain and soybean exports with meat exports benefits both livestock and crop farmers. Net farm income increases as much as 140 percent at high levels of meat exports. Also, employment in the agricultural sector increases 81 percent as we substitute the value added export of meat for feed grains and soybeans;Increasing production of roughage-fed beef as a substitute for grain-fed benefits most regions with relative advantages in roughage production. Nationally, net farm income declines by less than 1 percent, but employment in the agricultural sector increases by 3 percent;Increasing beef imports decreases land use by nine million acres as feed demands decline. With lower domestic beef production and feed production net farm income falls by 12 percent. Employment in the agricultural sector is adversely affected, falling by 8 percent;Feeding beef animals to lighter weights increases feed efficiencies per animal, but also increases total feed demands since a larger breeding herd is required to produce more feeder cattle. Net farm income is higher by 4.6 percent and employment in the agricultural sector increases by nearly 2 percent.</p

Supply control and U.S. agriculture: an analysis of national and regional impacts under land and fertilizer restrictions

In 1973 the demand for United States farm commodities was at a record level. Stocks of grain, which had been built up over a number of years, were rapidly depleted by several factors including world demand, export subsidies, and devaluation of the dollar. In response to this abnormal situation, The Agricultural and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 was enacted. This act, contrary to past legislation, emphasized the maintenance or increase of production. But the 1972 to 1974 per capita decline in world food production was shortlived, and output slowly returned to more normal levels. The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 reflected this return by replacing the ''fence row to fence row" policies of the 1973 legislation with supply controls once again.</p

The Livestock Sector Submodel: A Description of Coefficient and Activity Development

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the methodology used in calculating coefficients for the livestock sector of the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development's (CARD) linear programming models. The livestock sector consists of four basic livestock activities—feeder cattle producing, feeder cattle finishing, dairy producing, and pork producing. These activities produce agricultural livestock commodities and nitrogen waste while requiring feed, water, energy, and capital. Four basic sources are used for the construction of the livestock sector—The Federal Enterprise Data System (FEDS), Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle, Dairy, and Swine published by the National Research Council, Utilizing Animal Waste as a Source of Nitrogen and Agricultural Resource Assessment System Technical Committee unpublished working papers.</p

Optimal Stochastic Advertising Strategies for the U.S. Beef Industry

An important decision variable in the promotional strategy for the beef sector is the optimal level of advertising expenditures over time. Optimal stochastic and deterministic advertising expenditures are derived for the U.S. beef industry for the period `1966 through 1980. They are compared with historical levels and gains realized by optimal advertising strategies are measured. Finally, the optimal advertising expenditures in the future are forecasted.</p