Lignit utilization for sorption of organic compounds

Import 01/09/2009Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na využití lignitu jako netradičního sorbentu pro odstraňování organických polutantů z životního prostředí. Teoretická část práce je zaměřena na charakteristiku uhlí, lignitu, chlorfenolů, barviv a popis některých sorpčních izoterem. V praktické části se uvádí postup samotného laboratorního experimentu sorpce 4-chlorfenolu, 2,4-dichlorfenolu a 2,4,5-trichlorfenolu, Methylenové modři a Egacidové oranže II. na čtyřech vzorcích lignitu odebraných z ložiska podniku Čáry ve Slovenské republice. Z naměřených dat podrobených statistické analýze byla vypočtena jmenovitá sorpční kapacita udávající množství adsorbovaného barviva na hmotnostní jednotku sorbentu v mmol.g-1.The aim of this diploma work is to describe the application of lignite as an nontraditional sorbent for removing of organic pollutants from the environment. The theoretical part of the work is focused on characteristic features of coal, lignite, chlorphenol, dyes and description of sorption isotherms. The practical part of the work describes a laboratory experiment – sorption of 4-chlorphenol, 2,4-dichlorphenol and 2,4,5-trichlorphenol, Methylen Blue, Egacid Orange II. on four samples of lignite taken from plant´s deposite in Čáry, Slovakia. The statistic analysis of measured data figured out the sorption capacity, the amount of adsorbed dye in mmol.g-1.Prezenční546 - Institut environmentálního inženýrstvívýborn

Evaluation of Residence Time Distribution in Millireactor with Laminar Flow: Comparison of Experiments, CFD and Laminar Flow Model.

We present a study of RTD in the case of small straight channels. RTD measurements in liquid phase were performed by a dye injection and its absorbance measurements with a spectrometer at the inlet and the outlet of the reactor. The method consistency was confirmed by a dye mass balance between inlet and outlet which was satisfied with an error of 5% rel. The RTD in the measured section was characterized by so called e-curve E (t), mean residence time and Peclet number for different flow conditions (Reynold´s numbers). The RTD data for various channel lengths and liquid flow rates were compared

Utilization of Biochar for Eliminating Residual Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater Used in Agricultural Irrigation: Application to Ryegrass

Biochar is known to be a promising material for the treatment of contaminants in wastewater and soil. In this research, wastewater samples collected at the tertiary stage from a WWTP located in the North Bohemia region of Czechia and containing 20 pharmaceutical contaminants were treated with the same biochar (wood and maize cob feedstocks, pyrolysis temperature of 470 °C), but of different doses (0.1 g L−1, 0.25 g L−1, 0.5 g L−1). In this case study, we aimed to verify the impacts of biochar application and/or concentration on the sorption of pharmaceuticals in water. The treated water was later used for irrigating planted (ryegrass taken as the plant model) and unplanted agricultural soils in a pot experiment. Soils and ryegrass samples were examined again for potential pharmaceutical existence, and the soil microbial activities were determined through fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activities (FDHA). Results showed that most pharmaceuticals concentrations were significantly, but not totally, reduced from the wastewater upon biochar addition. Contaminants such as 3-hydroxycarbamazepine and metoprolol were entirely removed from the wastewater after 0.25 g L−1, whilst bezafibrate did not decline even at 0.5 g L−1. Moreover, the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in ryegrass biomass and soils were dominantly below detection limits or at very low doses. Finally, there were no significant differences in the microbial activities of the soils. This implicates that biochar could be approached as a good substrate for eliminating pharmaceuticals from wastewaters used for agricultural irrigation; however, more similar studies need to be carried out

Vysoce kvalitní a snadno regenerovatelný osobní filtr

Proper respiratory tract protection is the key factor to limiting the rate of COVID-19 spread and providing a safe environment for health care workers. Traditional N95 (FFP2) respirators are not easy to regenerate and thus create certain financial and ecological burdens; moreover, their quality may vary significantly. A solution that would overcome these disadvantages is desirable. In this study a commercially available knit polyester fleece fabric was selected as the filter material, and a total of 25 filters of different areas and thicknesses were prepared. Then, the size-resolved filtration efficiency (40-400 nm) and pressure drop were evaluated at a volumetric flow rate of 95 L/min. We showed the excellent synergistic effect of expanding the filtration area and increasing the number of filtering layers on the filtration efficiency; a filter cartridge with 8 layers of knit polyester fabric with a surface area of 900 cm(2) and sized 25 x 14 x 8 cm achieved filtration efficiencies of 98% at 95 L/min and 99.5% at 30 L/min. The assembled filter kit consists of a filter cartridge (14 Pa) carried in a small backpack connected to a half mask with a total pressure drop of 84 Pa at 95 L/min. In addition, it is reusable, and the filter material can be regenerated at least ten times by simple methods, such as boiling. We have demonstrated a novel approach for creating high-quality and easy-to-breathe-through respiratory protective equipment that reduces operating costs and is a green solution because it is easy to regenerate.Správná ochrana dýchacích cest je klíčovým faktorem pro omezení rychlosti šíření COVID-19 a zajištění bezpečného prostředí pro zdravotnické pracovníky. Tradiční respirátory N95 (FFP2) se nedají snadno regenerovat a vytvářejí tak určitou finanční a ekologickou zátěž; navíc se jejich kvalita může výrazně lišit. Žádoucí je řešení, které by tyto nevýhody překonalo. V této studii byla jako filtrační materiál vybrána komerčně dostupná pletená polyesterová fleecová tkanina a bylo připraveno celkem 25 filtrů různých ploch a tlouštěk. Poté byla vyhodnocena účinnost filtrace s rozlišením velikosti (40-400 nm) a pokles tlaku při objemovém průtoku 95 l/min. Prokázali jsme vynikající synergický efekt rozšíření filtrační plochy a zvýšení počtu filtračních vrstev na účinnost filtrace; filtrační patrona s 8 vrstvami pletené polyesterové tkaniny o ploše 900 cm(2) a rozměrech 25 x 14 x 8 cm dosáhla účinnosti filtrace 98 % při 95 l/min a 99,5 % při 30 l/min. Sestavená filtrační sada se skládá z filtrační patrony (14 Pa) nesené v malém batohu spojeném s polomaskou s celkovým tlakovým spádem 84 Pa při 95 l/min. Navíc je opakovaně použitelný a filtrační materiál lze jednoduchými metodami, jako je vaření, nejméně desetkrát regenerovat. Prokázali jsme nový přístup k vytvoření vysoce kvalitních a snadno dýchatelných dýchacích ochranných prostředků, které snižují provozní náklady a jsou ekologickým řešením, protože se snadno regenerují