Znaczenie aktywności władz gmin dla absorpcji funduszy UE oraz jej wpływ na rozwój lokalny. Przykład gminy Szamocin

The article is aimed at presenting the authorities’ activity when applying for the EU funds and the influence of gained aid on a local development. The Szamocin Commune is the subject of research. The authorities’ activity is the commune’s strength. Despite their mediocre financial situation, approximately 1/4 of their spending is on investments. The commune’s weaknesses include mainly poor quality of the roads in the commune and few sanitary sewage systems. In order to improve the level of a local development and the quality of the inhabitant’s life, investments in these areas have been realized thanks to gained EU funds for several years now. The commune could carry out more EU projects does not have its own sufficient resources required in case of financial engineering. It is one of the two barriers to absorb the EU funds, except for an inefficient system of funds allocation.Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktywności władz gminy w ubieganiu się o dofinansowanie unijne oraz wpływ pozyskanego wsparcia z UE na rozwój lokalny na przykładzie gminy Szamocin. W pierwszej części scharakteryzowano gminę w celu zidentyfikowania jej mocnych i słabych stron. Następnie ukazano poziom pozyskanych przez gminę unijnych środków i liczbę realizowanych projektów w różnym czasie; w okresie przedakcesyjnym, 2004-2006 oraz 2007-2013. Wyniki gminy Szamocin zestawiono ze średnią obliczoną dla województwa. W końcowej części opracowania przedstawiono opinie pracowników ds. pozyskiwania środków UE dotyczące barier skutecznej absorpcji. Porównano wyniki badań ankietowych wykonanych w dwóch różnych okresach. Na podstawie badań można stwierdzić, że gmina realizowała unijne projekty zgodnie ze swoimi potrzebami, niwelując słabe strony. Gmina Szamocin mogłaby realizować więcej projektów UE, jednak nie posiada wystarczających środków własnych wymaganych w montażu finansowym. Jest to jedna z dwóch, oprócz nieodpowiedniego systemu rozdziału środków, barier ograniczających absorpcję środków unijnych

A Priori Error Estimates and Computational Studies for a Fermi Pencil-Beam Equation

We derive a priori error estimates for the standard Galerkin and streamline diffusion finite element methods for the Fermi pencil-beam equation obtained from a fully three-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation in space and velocity variables. For a constant transport cross-section, there is a closed form analytic solution available for the Fermi equation with a data as product of Dirac functions. Our objective is to study the case of nonconstant, nonincreasing transport cross-section. Therefore we start with a theoretical, that is, a priori, error analysis for a Fermi model with modified initial data in L-2. Then we construct semi-streamline-diffusion and characteristic streamline-diffusion schemes and consider an adaptive algorithm for local mesh refinements. To derive the stability estimates, for simplicity, we rely on the assumption of nonincreasing transport cross-section. Different numerical examples, in two space dimensions are justifying the theoretical results. Implementations show significant reduction of the computational error by using such adaptive procedure

Control Space Analysis of Three-Degree Decelerating Approaches at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

Amsterdam Schiphol Airport currently uses a Continuous Descent Approach during night time operations only, due to reduced runway capacity caused by unpredictable individual aircraft behavior. The Three-Degree Decelerating Approach (TDDA) has been developed to increase predictability and runway capacity by switching the sepa- ration task from Air Traffic Control to the pilot on board the aircraft. The research described in this paper identifies the factors that influence the control space of aircraft performing a TDDA in a real-life setting. Control space is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum duration to perform the TDDA. Using different control strategies, a fast approach or slow approach can be flown. A fast-time simulation tool was built to perform simulations with different aircraft types, initial weights, wind speeds and directions. Preliminary simulations indicate that a flap scheduler is needed to optimize control space, and the flap scheduling algorithm was enhanced to find optimal flap schedules for all wind conditions. The results of these simulations show that the influence of wind direction depends on aircraft aerodynamic characteristics, which mainly depend on the drag characteristics of the aircraft and aircraft weight. Furthermore, the results can be used to determine whether a TDDA can be executed using different aircraft and under different wind conditions.Control & OperationsAerospace Engineerin