El análisis de la historia de Quebec en segundo ciclo de secundaria: el papel de la consulta pública y los cambios en comparación con el programa actual

Cet article s’inscrit dans le débat entourant l’enseignement de l’histoire au Québec. Il analyse l’écart entre le rapport ministériel rédigé à la suite de la consultation sur l’enseignement de l’histoire et les propos de ceux qui ont déposé et publié des avis. Nous avons analysé 18 avis et tiré la conclusion  que la plupart des intervenants souhaitaient une approche thématique de l’histoire et le maintien des trois compétences disciplinaires, en soulignant les liens indissociables entre l’histoire et l’éducation à la citoyenneté. Ces conclusions réfutent celles auxquelles le comité formé par Jacques Beauchemin et Nadia Fahmy-Eid est arrivé.This article is concerned with part of a debate concerning the teaching of History in Quebec. It analyses the gap between a ministerial report produced after public consultation regarding the teaching of History and the actual discourse of the participants as well as published opinions. 18 reviews were analyzed resulting in the conclusion that most speakers wanted a thematic approach to History and the maintaining of the existing three disciplinary competencies highlighting the inextricable links between History and  Citizenship education. These findings dispute the conclusions of the committee chaired by Jacques Beauchemin and Nadia Fahmy-EidEste artículo es parte del debate en torno a la enseñanza de la historia en Quebec. Se analiza la brecha entre el informe que el departamento preparó tras una consulta sobre la enseñanza de la historia y las propuestas de los que presentaron y publicaron opiniones. Se analizaron 18 opiniones y llegamos a la conclusión de que la mayoría de los oradores querían un enfoque temático a la historia y el mantenimiento de las tres competencias específicas de las materias, destacando los vínculos inextricables entre la historia y la educación para la ciudadanía. Estos resultados refutan los comité formado por Jacques Beauchemin y Nadia Fahmy-Eid

Deetatization of Culture, Privatization of Politics: The Case of the Publishing Houses in Postcommunist Romania

The paper addresses the process of postcommunist denationalization by focusing on the privatization of cultural institutions, as it occurred in the case of major Romanian publishing houses in recent decades (Editura Politică/ Humanitas, Univers, Minerva, etc.). Our approach acknowledges the leading role of humanist intellectuals in launching and legitimizing devices of privatization immediately after 1989, a curious phenomenon which reasserted the larger pattern of literature-centrism developed in the former socialist cultures. These intellectuals’ enthusiastic siding with principles of market capitalism, from their new positions of book publishers and cultural managers, paved the way for the rapid implementation of neoliberal policies. At the same time, leading the process of privatization helped these intellectual groups gain the upper hand in the public narrative on main ideological topics, such as the memory of communism, the interwar far right, and the path towards Westernization. Our analysis traces several empirical stages of this particular privatization of culture: 1) the legislative frame of denationalization and market liberalization; 2) the publishing policies and the promotion of certain book collections; 3) the dissemination of anticommunism that enabled publishing houses themselves to serve as political platforms. Overall, we aim to explain how this intellectual enterprise failed to ensure direct economic and cultural profits but was spectacularly successful in establishing a long-term recipe for neoliberal restructuring in several areas of society

Des héros pour référence identitaire : les manuels scolaires de littérature roumaine, 1859-2009

La comparaison des manuels scolaires de littérature roumaine depuis le XIXe siècle jusqu'à la période post totalitaire permet d'identifier et de suivre les transformations de la représentation de l'identité nationale en fonction des réalités politiques de l'État roumain. En observant les changements survenus dans le panthéon national, il est possible d'identifier le modèle de comportement et les valeurs proposées aux élèves. Une comparaison avec les manuels scolaires d'histoire pendant la période du communisme et après la chute du régime aide à mieux saisir les mécanismes de la mémoire et de l'oubli imposés qui accompagnent alors la construction de l'identité nationale. L'analyse des héros nationaux permet également d'observer les continuités et les ruptures entre les différentes périodes qui ont marqué l'État roumain. La thèse aborde aussi la façon dont la population s'approprie cette construction identitaire proposée dans les manuels scolaires et souligne les différences entre l'identité nationale qu'affichent les adultes et l'identité individuelle privilégiée par les jeunes. La lecture comparative des manuels scolaires constitue la principale méthode utilisée pour analyser la représentation de l'identité nationale. Le recours au schéma actanciel et au carré sémiotique de Julien Greimas est mis de l'avant étant donné que les héros font l'objet du discours des manuels en tant que personnages. Pour caractériser la représentation nationale spécifique à chaque période analysée, on utilise les notions de " bon Roumain ", de " bon communiste " et de " bon européen "

Italian graduates’ employability in times of economic crisis : overview, problems and possible solutions

Relying on various sources of data, the article aims to prove an overview on Italian graduates’ employment and labour market participation in times of economic crisis. It provides a short des­cription of Italy’s higher education, economy and labour market, and an analysis of graduate em­ployment, especially focusing on fresh graduates. Three possible views on the Italian case are also suggested, and some recent policy initiatives fostering graduate employability both at the national and the local levels are illustrated. In order to offer a better understanding of the topic, the Italian situation is occasionally compared to the situation of Germany, the leading economy in Europe.Com base em diversas fontes de dados, este artigo pretende contribuir para uma visão geral sobre o emprego e a participação no mercado de trabalho dos graduados italianos em tempos de crise económica. O texto inclui uma breve descrição do ensino superior italiano, da economia e do mercado de trabalho, bem como uma análise do emprego dos graduados com especial enfoque nos que o são há menos tempo. São sugeridas três perspetivas possíveis sobre o caso italiano, assim como se ilustram algumas iniciativas políticas recentes que procuram promover a inserção profissional dos graduados, tanto a nível nacional como a nível local. Por forma a permitir uma compreensão mais aprofundada do tema, a situação italiana é ocasionalmente comparada à si­tuação da Alemanha, país economicamente líder na Europa

Towards generalisable and calibrated synthetic speech detection with self-supervised representations

Generalisation -- the ability of a model to perform well on unseen data -- is crucial for building reliable deep fake detectors. However, recent studies have shown that the current audio deep fake models fall short of this desideratum. In this paper we show that pretrained self-supervised representations followed by a simple logistic regression classifier achieve strong generalisation capabilities, reducing the equal error rate from 30% to 8% on the newly introduced In-the-Wild dataset. Importantly, this approach also produces considerably better calibrated models when compared to previous approaches. This means that we can trust our model's predictions more and use these for downstream tasks, such as uncertainty estimation. In particular, we show that the entropy of the estimated probabilities provides a reliable way of rejecting uncertain samples and further improving the accuracy.Comment: Submitted to ICASSP 202