Acupuncture of Rat Tongue

Introduction: Acupuncture is a well-established method of improving human health, but acupuncture of the tongue is not as often practiced as corporal.Aim: The aim of the present study is to develop a methodology for acupuncture on rat tongue to trace possible complications from this technique, as well as morphological changes as a prerequisite for the effect.Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats between 20 days and 2 years of age were the subject of study. The animals were divided into two groups, equal in number. One group being a control and the other one an experimental group for acupuncture of the tongue. After anesthesia with xylazine and ketamine, an acupuncture needle (0.22x13mm) was applied for 10 minutes, then the animal was perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.36) and the body of the tongue was extracted. The acupuncture needle was placed in 3 standard points on the sagittal plane, in the areas of the heart and stomach on the upper surface, and the neck area on the lower surface. The following histological stains were used: haematoxylin eosin (HE), bismarck brown (BB), and toluidine blue (TB).Results: The rats, as experimental animals, were suitable for acupuncture and acupuncture in the experimental group was performed successfully without complications. The acupuncture canal was visualized well in all stains, BB and TB being suitable for reporting the mast cells response.Conclusion: Acupuncture of a rat tongue can be performed successfully, and the morphological changes that occur as a result of it can be assessed histologically. The needle causes the epithelium and the free nerve endings as well as the underlying muscles to be displaced and disrupted. There is no disruption of large nervous or circulatory structures. There is a prospective combination of acupuncture with sublingual administration of various drugs and biologically active substances

Social Problems of Colostoma Patients After Hospital Discharge

The role of the nurse in modern health care is spe- cific and multilateral, covering various activities. Nurse takes care of patients with colostomy, train- ing them to achieve their independence and the prob- lems aren`t a barrier to normal life for their effective re-socialization

XPS investigation on the surface of ZnO photocatalytic films obtained by polymer modified spray pyrolysis

Photocatalytically active ZnO nanosized films were deposited by polymer modified spray pyrolysis method. The influence of the polymers and the type of zinc precursor on the chemical composition, surface morphologies and the photocatalytic properties towards Malachite Green dye degradation were investigated. The amount of oxygen in the lattice (O L ) and oxygen total (O T ) as well as the atomic ratio of Zn/O T were evaluated by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The ZnO films are non-stoichiometric. The addition of polymers to both zinc salt solutions does not change significantly the oxygen concentration in the films. After photocatalytic test the ratio O L /O T decreases, showing that the amount of adsorbed hydroxyl groups is increased. The films obtained from zinc acetate possess higher photocatalytic activity than those, obtained from zinc nitrate. The highest efficiency is achieved with the films obtained from zinc acetate with ethylcellulose addition

Sn1-xBixO2 and Sn1-xTaxO2 (0 \leq x \leq 0.75): A first-principles study

The structural, elastic, electronic and optical (x = 0) properties of doped Sn1-xBixO2 and Sn1-xTaxO2 (0 \leq x \leq 0.75) are studied by using the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method within the local density approximation. The independent elastic constants Cij and other elastic parameters of these compounds have been calculated for the first time. The mechanical stability of the compounds with different doping concentrations has also been studied. The electronic band structure and density of states are calculated and the effect of doping on these properties is also analyzed. It is seen that the band gap of the undoped compound narrowed with dopant concentration which disappeared for x = 0.26 for Bi doping and 0.36 for Ta doping. The materials thus become conductive oxides through the change in the electronic properties of the compound for x \leq 0.75 which may be useful for potential application. The calculated optical properties, e.g. dielectric function, refractive index, absorption spectrum, loss-function, reflectivity and conductivity of the undoped SnO2 in two polarization directions are compared with both previous calculations and measurements. Keywords: Doped SnO2; First-principles; Mechanical properties; Electronic band structure; Optical properties.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, added 10 more references, comparison with mearements mad

TRAINING NEEDS THROUGH THE EYES OF THE CLOSE FRIENDS AND RELATIVES OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL DISORDERS

The modern views and approaches in psychiatry pay special attention to families of patients with mental disorders. There is no doubt that the relatives are key players for the sick person and the main helpers in treatment. The Aim of this study is to describe and analyze the need of information and training to families of patients with mental disorders. Methods: An anonymous survey has been carried out of 165 relatives of people with mental disorders hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals in Sofia, Vratsa and Novi Iskar in January-February 2014.Results The majority of the families of patients with mental disorders like to receive more information on the problems associated with mental illnesses. Relatives of people with mental disorders claim their being ready to be trained in special organized training courses and seminars

TRAINING OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS IN MEDICAL CARE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS

Diabetes mellitus is a wide spread disease all over the world, with a constantly increasing number of people affected. The patients with diabetes are exposed to higher risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications. The strict control of the metabolic indicators and the good compensation of the disease can reduce the risk complications and improve significantly the quality of life of the patients. The medical specialists, nurses and midwives, take an important role in fulfilling this task. For the purpose they need to be well prepared to give structural medical care, leading to effective communication and education of the patients, control and regulation of their medical condition, psychological support etc. In this sense, it is important the nurses and midwives to receive stable knowledge for the specific needs of diabetic patients during their training course – it will help them to meet the requirements of their job later and to be effective support to the medical doctors in their diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic activities

The nurses in Bulgaria - an ageing workforce

Introduction: Over the last decade the ageing workforce as a whole and the workforce in healthcare are topics that were a subject of active debates. Health policymakers are faced with the challenge of seeking and implementing different and innovative measures to overcome the imbalance between increasing demand and decreasing supply of workforce.Materials and Methods: The survey was designated for completion by registered nurses, who are included in the National register of the Bulgarian association of health professionals in nursing. Based on a sample of 22,841 nurses, the average age until September 2017 was calculated. Based on data from the National Statistical Institute, a predictive model for the density of nurses per 100,000 population until 2022 was developed.Results: In the period 2014-2017, the average age of the working nurses in Bulgaria increased for two years from 50 to 52 and now it is nine years higher than the average age of the nurses in the European Union. The density of nurses per 100,000 population in Bulgaria is two times lower than the average for Europe. If appropriate measures are not taken, the negative trend will continue and in 2022 our country will have a deficit of nearly 22,000 nurses.Conclusion: The analysis of the data showed that the number of nurses in Bulgaria decreased constantly. The Bulgarian healthcare system is exposed to a serious risk due to retirement of the older nurses and the amount of the nurses, who will approach retirement age in the next five years. Urgent policy and management solutions are needed to overcome the problem so as not to compromise the quality of nursing care in our country