Concepts «fondamentaux» en administration de l’éducation

Glossaire élaboré par des membres de la cellule "administration scolaire" au Département d'administration et fondements de l'éducation. Définitions retenues qui s’appliquent toutes au domaine de l’éducation. Document complémentaire aux notions véhiculées dans le cours ETA6900 : Introduction à l’administration de l’éducation

Sport, genetics and the `natural athlete': The resurgence of racial science

This article explores the ethical implications of recent discussions that naturalize the relationship between race, the body and sport within the frame of genetic science. Many suggestions of a racially distributed genetic basis for athletic ability and performance are strategically posited as a resounding critique of the `politically correct' meta-narratives of established sociological and anthropological forms of explanation that emphasize the social and cultural construction of race. I argue that this use of genetic science in order to describe and explain common-sense impressions of racial physiology and sporting ability is founded on erroneous premises of objectivity and disinterest, and inflates the analytical efficacy of scientific truth claims. I suggest that assertions of a value-free science of racial athletic ability reify race as inherited permanent biological characteristics that produce social hierarchies and are more characteristic of a longer history of `racial science'

CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.0447

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Abstract: CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Ouverture et transaction scolaires

Cet article démontre que le concept ouverture est perçu en termes différents lorsque les acteurs visent des cibles opposées. Appliqué à l’école, le concept d’ouverture ou de fermeture est mieux compris en termes d’adaptation ou d’inadaptation qu’en termes de frontière et d’initiative. Une brève description des différentes catégories d’ouverture scolaire, ajoutée à deux exemples tirés, l’un du contexte scolaire belge, l’autre du contexte québécois, mettra en lumière l’ambiguïté du concept d’ouverture. L’ouverture scolaire à envisager serait moins celle d’une capacité d’adaptation que celle qui permet aux individus d’utiliser une capacité de transaction comme processus d’interaction, où l’initiative et la liberté s’insèrent dans un plan d’ensemble.This article demonstrates that the concept of openness is perceived in different ways according to how the actors view opposing targets. When this is applied to the school situation, the concept of openness or closing is best understood in terms of adaptation or non-adaptation rather than in terms of limits and initiatives. A brief description of different categories of school openness followed by two examples — one from the context of Belgian schools and the second from a Quebec context — all underline the ambiguity of the concept of openness. The type of school openness that is proposed is not one having a capacity to adapt but rather one that permits individuals to use their capacity for transactions as a process for interaction where initiative and liberty are part of an entire design plan.Este artículo demuestra que el concepto de apertura es percibido en términos diferentes cuando los actores consideran puntos opuestos. Al aplicar el concepto de aprtura o de estrechez en la escuela, éste se comprende mejor en términos de adaptación o de inadaptación, que en términos de frontera y de iniciativa. Se destacará la ambigüidad del concepto de apertura por medio de una breve descripción de diferentes categorías de apertura escolar. Esta se agrega a dos ejemplos obtenidos, uno del contexto escolar belga y el otro del contexto québécois. Habría que considerar la apertura escolar, menos, como una capacidad de adaptacíon, sino más bien como aquella que permite a los individuos utilizar una capacidad de transacción como proceso de interacción, en la cual, la iniciativa y la libertad se insertan en un plan de conjunto.Dieser Artikel zeigt auf, dass der Begriff der Offenheit verschieden aufgefasst wird, wenn die Betreffenden entgegengesetzte Ziele verfolgen. Auf die Schule angewandt, versteht man den Begriff Offenheit oder Geschlossenheit eher als Anpassungsfähigkeit oder Schwererziehbarkeit denn als Begriff einer Schranke oder einer Initiative. Eine kurze Beschreibung der verschiedenen Arten von Offenheit im Schulbereich, die zwei Beispielen angefügt ist — eines stammt aus belgischen Verhältnissen, das andere aus Québec — beleuchtet den Doppelsinn des Begriffs der Offenheit. Schulische Offenheit sollte weniger als eine Fähigkeit zur Anpassung gesehen werden denn als die Möglichkeit des Individuums, sich im Prozess zwischenmenschlicher Beziehungen einer Ausgleichsfähigkeit zu bedienen, in der sich Initiative und Freiheit in einen Gesamtplan eingliedern

Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent, vol. 17 (1)

Éditorial -- Et J.A Landry inventa l'auto-neige -- Maison hantée ou la première auberge des pilotes du Bas-Saint-Laurent : l'histoire... et la légende -- Forêt et colonisation au Témiscouata 1: fondation des paroisses du JAL et les années difficiles -- Épidémie à Saint-Gabriel -- Le monde rural et l'électricité -- 1951-1991: quarante ans d'exode rural -- Chroniques rimouskoises -- Patrimoine: Une belled'autrefois -- "Une gare, un train et c'est déjà la fin" -- Archives: Collection de photographies aériennes de la Compagnie aérienne franco-canadienne -- Recherche sur l'exploitation forestière dans la région de Rimouski (1825-1850) -- En bref -- Des livres à lire