Inner city sanctuary: the history and theology of Rochester\u27s Black Jews

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Is the War on Poverty attacking mental illness?

Based on a 2-year study of Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) programs in a large urban center, this paper examines the potential of Community Action Centers for serving low-income clients with emotional problems. The processing, referral and follow-up patterns of the indigenous counseling staff are described. Strategies for mental health agencies are developed for enhancing their links with these programs and increasing the impact of the War on Poverty on mental illness .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44328/1/10597_2005_Article_BF01457167.pd

N-Myristoytransferase Inhibition Causes Mitochondrial Iron Overload and Parthanatos in TIM17A-Dependent Aggressive Lung Carcinoma

Myristoylation is a type of protein acylation by which the fatty acid myristate is added to the N-terminus of target proteins, a process mediated by N-myristoyltransferases (NMT). Myristoylation is emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic target; however, the molecular determinants of sensitivity to NMT inhibition or the mechanism by which it induces cancer cell death are not completely understood. We report that NMTs are a novel therapeutic target in lung carcinoma cells with LKB1 and/or KEAP1 mutations in a KRAS-mutant background. Inhibition of myristoylation decreases cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Inhibition of myristoylation causes mitochondrial ferrous iron overload, oxidative stress, elevated protein poly (ADP)-ribosylation, and death by parthanatos. Furthermore, NMT inhibitors sensitized lung carcinoma cells to platinum-based chemotherapy. Unexpectedly, the mitochondrial transporter translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 homolog A (TIM17A) is a critical target of myristoylation inhibitors in these cells. TIM17A silencing recapitulated the effects of NMT inhibition at inducing mitochondrial ferrous iron overload and parthanatos. Furthermore, sensitivity of lung carcinoma cells to myristoylation inhibition correlated with their dependency on TIM17A. This study reveals the unexpected connection between protein myristoylation, the mitochondrial import machinery, and iron homeostasis. It also uncovers myristoylation inhibitors as novel inducers of parthanatos in cancer, and the novel axis NMT-TIM17A as a potential therapeutic target in highly aggressive lung carcinomas.SignificanceKRAS-mutant lung carcinomas with LKB1 and/or KEAP1 co-mutations have intrinsic therapeutic resistance. We show that these tumors are sensitive to NMT inhibitors, which slow tumor growth in vivo and sensitize cells to platinum-based chemotherapy in vitro. Inhibition of myristoylation causes death by parthanatos and thus has the potential to kill apoptosis and ferroptosis-resistant cancer cells. Our findings warrant investigation of NMT as a therapeutic target in highly aggressive lung carcinomas

Environmental consciousness in the Netherlands

Contains fulltext : 3328.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative

Data are reported on the background and performance of the K6 screening scale for serious mental illness (SMI) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. The K6 is a six-item scale developed to provide a brief valid screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV) SMI based on the criteria in the US ADAMHA Reorganization Act. Although methodological studies have documented good K6 validity in a number of countries, optimal scoring rules have never been proposed. Such rules are presented here based on analysis of K6 data in nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys in 14 countries (combined N = 41,770 respondents). Twelve-month prevalence of DSM-IV SMI was assessed with the fully-structured WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Nested logistic regression analysis was used to generate estimates of the predicted probability of SMI for each respondent from K6 scores, taking into consideration the possibility of variable concordance as a function of respondent age, gender, education, and country. Concordance, assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was generally substantial (median 0.83; range 0.76–0.89; inter-quartile range 0.81–0.85). Based on this result, optimal scaling rules are presented for use by investigators working with the K6 scale in the countries studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77431/1/310_ftp.pd

A healthy mistrust: how worldview relates to attitudes about breast cancer screening in a cross-sectional survey of low-income women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Perceived racial discrimination is one factor which may discourage ethnic minorities from using healthcare. However, existing research only partially explains why some persons do accept health promotion messages and use preventive care, while others do not. This analysis explores 1) the psychosocial characteristics of those, within disadvantaged groups, who identify their previous experiences as racially discriminatory, 2) the extent to which perceived racism is associated with broader perspectives on societal racism and powerlessness, and 3) how these views relate to disadvantaged groups' expectation of mistreatment in healthcare, feelings of mistrust, and motivation to use care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using survey data from 576 African-American women, we explored the prevalence and predictors of beliefs and experiences related to social disengagement, racial discrimination, desired and actual racial concordance with medical providers, and fear of medical research. We then used both sociodemographic characteristics, and experiences and attitudes about disadvantage, to model respondents' scores on an index of personal motivation to receive breast cancer screening, measuring screening knowledge, rejection of fatalistic explanatory models of cancer, and belief in early detection, and in collaborative models of patient-provider responsibility.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Age was associated with lower motivation to screen, as were depressive symptoms, anomie, and fear of medical research. Motivation was low among those more comfortable with African-American providers, regardless of current provider race. However, greater awareness of societal racism positively predicted motivation, as did talking to others when experiencing discrimination. Talking was most useful for women with depressive symptoms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Supporting the Durkheimian concepts of both anomic and altruistic suicide, both disengagement (depression, anomie, vulnerability to victimization, and discomfort with non-Black physicians) as well as over-acceptance (low awareness of discrimination in society) predict poor health maintenance attitudes in disadvantaged women. Women who recognize their connection to other African-American women, and who talk about negative experiences, appear most motivated to protect their health.</p

The return of the fifties: Trends in college students' values between 1952 and 1984

Five identical surveys were carried out in 1952, 1968–1969, 1974, 1979, and 1984 among undergraduate men at Dartmouth College and the University of Michigan to measure value trends. In most value domains the trends are U-shaped, showing that the trends from the fifties to the sixties and seventies have reversed, and attitudes in 1984 were either similar to the fifties or moving in that direction. The domains include traditional religion, career choice, faith in government and the military, advocacy of social constraints on deviant social groups, attitudes about free enterprise, government and economics, sexual morality, marijuana use, and personal moral obligations. Two attitude areas do not show a return of the fifties: (1) other-direction was high in 1952, then dropped to the sixties and did not rise; (2) the level of politicization rose greatly from 1952 to the sixties, then dropped again only slightly.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45659/1/11206_2005_Article_BF01106623.pd

Empty nest, cohort, and employment in the well-being of midlife women

Whether the empty-nest experience has positive or negative consequences for women's well-being at midlife may depend on their historical cohort membership and employment status. In this study, it was posited that the empty nest was likely to be a negative experience among the particular cohort of women (Cohort II) who reached adulthood during the period of strong societal emphasis on women's maternal role known as the feminine mystique, would be experienced positively among the earlier cohort (Cohort I) who as young adults were encouraged to enter the labor force during World War II. Analyses of covariance tested the relationships among empty-nest status, cohort membership, and employment status, and three measures of psychological well-being, adjusted for age, education, and marital status. The results of this study show that cohort and employment each have important independent associations with women's well-being at midlife, but that the experience of the empty nest depends on these two factors, especially cohort experiences.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45589/1/11199_2004_Article_BF00287990.pd