Efficient Hardware Implementation of Probabilistic Gradient Descent Bit Flipping

This paper presents a new Bit Flipping (BF) decoder, called Probabilistic Parallel Bit Flipping (PPBF) for Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes on the Binary Symmetric Channel. In PPBF, the flipping operation is preceded with a probabilistic behavior which is shown to improve significantly the error correction performance. The advantage of PPBF comes from the fact that, no global computation is required during the decoding process and from that, all the computations can be executed in the local computing units and in-parallel. PPBF provides a considerable improvement of the decoding frequency and complexity, compared to other known BF decoders, while obtaining a significant gain in error correction. One improved version of PPBF, called non-syndrome PPBF (NS-PPBF) is also introduced, in which the global syndrome check is moved out of the critical path and a new terminating mechanism is proposed. In order to show the superiority of the new decoders in terms of hardware efficiency and decoding throughput, the corresponding hardware architectures are presented in the second part of the paper. The ASIC synthesis results confirm that, the decoding frequency of the proposed decoders is significantly improved, much higher than the BF decoders of literature while requiring lower complexity to be efficiently implemented

Study of Normal Static Stresses Under an Excitation in Poroelastic Flat Slabs

AbstractBiot's theory of Poroelasticity is employed to investigate normal static stresses under an excitation in an infinite Poroelastic slabs of arbitrary thickness. The radial normal static stress is obtained, and in the neighborhood of the center, the same is investigated. It is seen that poroelastic parameters have greater influence over radial normal static stress. Numerical data is presented graphically and then discussed

Interactions between ectomycorrhizal associations and bacteria

Boreal forest podzol soils have vertically stratified horizons with different physico-chemical characteristics and high microbial diversity. Ectomycorrhizal fungi play key roles in accessing nutrients from both organic and mineral substrates. The role of associated bacteria in these processes is still poorly understood. The aim of the studies described in this thesis was to improve understanding of the distribution, diversity and community structure of fungi and bacteria on roots and in soil and their responses to environmental perturbations such as N-fertilisation. In two microcosm studies a single-root tip microbiome method was used to sample bacteria associated with different ectomycorrhizal roots at defined time-points, using high throughput sequencing of both fungi and bacteria The first study revealed highly dynamic patterns of assembly of bacterial communities associated with ectomycorrhizal roots at different time points in organic soil. Bacterial community structure differed between roots colonised by different species of ectomycorrhizal fungi from different genera. The second study extended these results to include both organic and mineral horizons, demonstrating significant differences between fungal and bacterial communities colonising soil from different horizons. Responses of both fungi and bacteria to short-term N additions were context dependent, influenced by both soil horizon and the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi colonising the roots. Bacterial communities associated with roots colonised by pairs of closely related fungal species within the same fungal genera were also shown to be statistically distinct. Field studies of fungi and bacteria in a forest fertilised with 150 kg N ha⁻¹ 15 months previously, revealed 1017 unique fungal OTUs, (877 in the soil, 652 in the roots). N increased fungal diversity slightly in the O horizon soil but decreased it in the roots, particularly in the B horizon. Fungal community structure varied significantly between horizons and within each soil horizon the community structure of fungi colonising ectomycorrhizal roots was significantly different from that associated with the soil, suggesting that analyses of both soil and roots are necessary for accurate monitoring of environmental perturbations. 10925 unique bacterial OTUs were distinguished in total (8560 in the soil, 5512 in the roots). Bacteria displayed similar trends to the fungi but were less strongly influenced by N. These studies pave the way for more detailed functional studies of specific combinations of fungi and bacteria

DESIGN AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF CHOPPED FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY

As contrasted to common concrete the benefits of SCC making up much more electrical power like non SCC, can be much better due to much better compaction, equivalent tensile stamina like non SCC, modulus of flexibility can be hardly minimized as a result of far better paste, hardly much better creep as a result of paste, shrinking as regular concrete, much better bond electrical energy, fire place resistance comparable as non SCC, sturdiness far better for much better flooring concrete. Consolidation of fibers additionally boosts its homes particularly related to install the fracture behavior of SCC. The fibers made use of in the looking at are 12 mm prolonged sliced glass fiber as well as carbon fiber. The quantity portion of fiber taken is no%, 0.1%, absolutely no.15%, absolutely no.2%. The job constructed of degrees. The initial degree contained the growth of SCC accumulation style of M30 quality and also inside the 2nd level, certain fibers like Glass and also carbon Fibers are presented to the SCC blends and also their radiant and also solidified homes have actually been established as well as in analysis. This form of concrete is described as self-compacting concrete (ssc). In the dominating have a look at, fiber supports are presented to observe the physical, chemical and also mechanical residences of the self-compacting concrete (scc) Fibers are supplied to concrete to grow the flexural power of concrete and also to jail the fracturing example progressed inside the concrete

STUDY ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS ON GROUND SURFACE BY USING E-TABS

In the present study to find the effect of flat and sloping ground on building performance ground slopes of 00 and 100 are considered in modeling of buildings of height G+15 RCC structures having material properties M40 grade for concrete and Fe500 for reinforcing steel and structures dimensions are length = 6x10= 60m, width = 6x5 = 30m and heights of G+15 is 48m from the plinth level, the support conditions are chosen to be fixed base and foundation depth is considered as 2m below the ground level structures are modeled using ETABS in seismic zones II, III, IV, V as per IS 1893-2002 methods used for seismic load generation are Linear static analysis, Response spectrum analysis and Time history analysis. The results are shown in terms of graphs and tables

Changes in the root fungal microbiome of strawberry following application of residues of the biofumigant oilseed radish

Biofumigation has been proposed as an environmentally friendly method of plant protection against soil-borne pathogens, but its effects on microbial communities are still incompletely understood. Using high throughput DNA sequencing, we investigated the effects of oilseed radish residues on the root fungal microbiome of strawberry in the presence of a soil-borne fungal pathogen, Verticillium dahliae. Results of our greenhouse study show that early flowering occurred in response to residue addition, suggesting a plant stress-response and there was a significant decrease in berry yield. The fungal microbiome of roots was significantly restructured by both biofumigation and inoculation with Verticillium. In particular, the abundance of root endophyte- and arbuscular mycorrhizal functional guilds was reduced significantly as a result of biofumigant and V. dahliae addition, whereas the abundance of saprotrophs increased significantly when both treatments were applied together. Alpha diversity analyses of fungi associated with roots indicated a significant increase in species richness following Verticillium inoculation, whereas the biofumigant alone or in the presence of V. dahliae resulted in no significant effect, suggesting that apparently some rare taxa may have been enriched/stimulated in the presence of the pathogen. Further investigations should reveal whether negative effects of biofumigation on potentially beneficial root associated endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are host genotype- or soil-dependent

“EVALUATION OF GALPHIMIA GLAUCA STEM METHANOL EXTRACT FRACTIONS FOR ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES”

Objective: This current investigation assesses in vivo central and peripheral analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory properties of fractions obtained from Galphimia glauca (GG) stem methanol extract. Methods: The laboratory models such as Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats were employed in the studies. The GG stem methanol extract was subjected to fractionation with solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Orally, the dose range of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was given for 1 day for evaluating analgesic (hotplate test, tail clip test, writhing test, and formalin test) and weekdays for assessing anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan and cotton pellet test methods), respectively. The experimental studies were further conducted for determining the involvement of central and peripheral receptor actions in the analgesic activity of the extract by prechallenging it with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively. The in vivo anti-inflammatory studies were conducted using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and cotton pellet granuloma test. Results: The LD50 of the extract was found to be >2000 mg/kg b.w. The methanol fraction of 400 mg/kg dose exhibited significant (p≤0.001) and dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It also exhibited central and peripheral analgesic actions when treated with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that the stem methanol fraction has more potential in terms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties

Structurally Homologous All β-Barrel Proteins Adopt Different Mechanisms of Folding

AbstractAcidic fibroblast growth factors from human (hFGF-1) and newt (nFGF-1) (Notopthalamus viridescens) are 16-kDa, all β-sheet proteins with nearly identical three-dimensional structures. Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced unfolding of hFGF-1 and nFGF-1 monitored by fluorescence and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) shows that the FGF-1 isoforms differ significantly in their thermodynamic stabilities. GdnHCl-induced unfolding of nFGF-1 follows a two-state (Native state to Denatured state(s)) mechanism without detectable intermediate(s). By contrast, unfolding of hFGF-1 monitored by fluorescence, far-UV circular dichroism, size-exclusion chromatography, and NMR spectroscopy shows that the unfolding process is noncooperative and proceeds with the accumulation of stable intermediate(s) at 0.96M GdnHCl. The intermediate (in hFGF-1) populated maximally at 0.96M GdnHCl has molten globule-like properties and shows strong binding affinity to the hydrophobic dye, 1-Anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS). Refolding kinetics of hFGF-1 and nFGF-1 monitored by stopped-flow fluorescence reveal that hFGF-1 and nFGF-1 adopts different folding mechanisms. The observed differences in the folding/unfolding mechanisms of nFGF-1 and hFGF-1 are proposed to be either due to differential stabilizing effects of the charged denaturant (Gdn+ Cl−) on the intermediate state(s) and/or due to differences in the structural interactions stabilizing the native conformation(s) of the FGF-1 isoforms