1,213 research outputs found
Flux enhancement in the inner region of a geometrically and optically thick accretion disk
The surface flux (and the corresponding observed flux) of a geometrically
thick ``funnel'' shaped disk is computed taking into account the radiation
impinging on the surface from other parts of the disk. It is found that the
ratio of the maximum apparent luminosity to the real luminosity of the disk is
only a factor even when the opening angle of the disk is small
(). Thus, geometrically beamed emission from ``funnel'' shaped
sub-Eddington disks around stellar mass black holes, cannot explain the
Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources detected in nearby galaxies.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap
The Kelvin Formula for Thermopower
Thermoelectrics are important in physics, engineering, and material science
due to their useful applications and inherent theoretical difficulty,
especially in strongly correlated materials. Here we reexamine the framework
for calculating the thermopower, inspired by ideas of Lord Kelvin from 1854. We
find an approximate but concise expression, which we term as the Kelvin formula
for the the Seebeck coefficient. According to this formula, the Seebeck
coefficient is given as the particle number derivative of the entropy
, at constant volume and temperature ,
. This formula is shown to be competitive compared to other
approximations in various contexts including strongly correlated systems. We
finally connect to a recent thermopower calculation for non-Abelian fractional
quantum Hall states, where we point out that the Kelvin formula is exact.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Spatiotemporal rheochaos in nematic hydrodynamics
Motivated by the observation of rheochaos in sheared wormlike micelles
[Bandyopadhyay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, 84 2022, (2000); Europhys. Lett. 56,
447 (2001); Pramana 53, 223 (1999)] we study the coupled nonlinear partial
differential equations for the hydrodynamic velocity and order parameter fields
in a sheared nematogenic fluid. In a suitable parameter range, we find
irregular, dynamic shear-banding and establish by decisive numerical tests that
the chaos we observe in the model is spatiotemporal in nature.Comment: Slight changes in text, references and Fig. 5 inset; 6 eps figures
(figs 2,3,4 at lower resolution to reduce file size; full files available on
request); accepted for publication in Phys Rev Let
Finite temperature properties of the triangular lattice t-J model, applications to NaCoO
We present a finite temperature () study of the t-J model on the
two-dimensional triangular lattice for the negative hopping , as relevant
for the electron-doped NaCoO (NCO). To understand several aspects of
this system, we study the -dependent chemical potential, specific heat,
magnetic susceptibility, and the dynamic Hall-coefficient across the entire
doping range. We show systematically, how this simplest model for strongly
correlated electrons describes a crossover as function of doping () from a
Pauli-like weakly spin-correlated metal close to the band-limit (density )
to the Curie-Weiss metallic phase () with pronounced
anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) correlations at low temperatures and Curie-Weiss type
behavior in the high-temperature regime. Upon further reduction of the doping,
a new energy scale, dominated by spin-interactions () emerges (apparent both
in specific heat and susceptibility) and we identify an effective interaction
, valid across the entire doping range. This is distinct from
Anderson's formula, as we choose here , hence the opposite sign of the
usual Nagaoka-ferromagnetic situation. This expression includes the subtle
effect of weak kinetic AFM - as encountered in the infinitely correlated
situation (). By explicit computation of the Kubo-formulae, we
address the question of practical relevance of the high-frequency expression
for the Hall coefficient . We hope to clarify some open questions
concerning the applicability of the t-J model to real experimental situations
through this study
Magnetic Raman scattering from 1D antiferromagnets
We study Raman scattering from 1D antiferromagnets within the Fleury-Loudon scheme by applying a finite temperature Lanczos method to a 1D spin-half Heisenberg model with nearest-neighbor ( J1) and second-neighbor ( J2) interactions. The low-temperature spectra are analyzed in terms of the known elementary excitations of the system for J2 = 0 and J2 = ½. We find that the low- T Raman spectra are very broad for |J2/J1|≤0.3. This broad peak gradually diminishes and shifts with temperature, so that at T > J1 the spectra are narrower and peaked at low frequencies. The experimental spectra for CuGeO3 are discussed in light of our calculations
Short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis of the spine : A comparison between ambulant treatment and radical surgery - a ten year report.
We perfomed a randomised, controlled clinical trial to compare ambulant short-course
chemotherapy with anterior spinal fusion plus
short-course chemotherapy for spinal tuberculosis
without paraplegia. Patients with active disease of
vertebral bodies were randomly allocated to one of
three regimens: a) radical anterior resection with bone
grafting plus six months of daily isoniazid plus
rifampicin (Rad6); b) ambulant chemotherapy for six
months with daily isoniazid plus rifampicin (Amb6);
or c) similar to b) but with chemotherapy for nine
months (Amb9).
Ten years from the onset of treatment, 90% of 78
Rad6, 94% of 78 Amb6 and 99% of 79 Amb9 patients
had a favourable status.
Ambulant chemotherapy for a period of six months
with daily isoniazid plus rifampicin (Amb6) was an
effective treatment for spinal tuberculosis except in
patients aged less than 15 years with an initial angle
of kyphosis of more than 30° whose kyphosis
increased substantially
A prospective study of effect of amniotic fluid index less than 5 at term on perinatal outcome
Background: To study the effect of oligohydramnios in pregnancy and its value in predicting adverse perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective case control study of pregnancy outcome in 100 cases with ultrasound diagnosis of oligohydramnios at term compared with 100 controls with no oligohydramnios. The study was done over a period of 3 years at SSMC Tumkur, India.Results: Oligohydramnios at term is associated with poor perinatal outcome. Significant increase in abnormal foetal heart rate, meconium stained liquor, delivery by cesarean section, low Apgar intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), increased admissions to neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) were seen in study group, however perinatal mortality was more in study group but not statistically significant (P=0.31)Conclusions: AFI <5 at term is an important fetal surveillance methods to identify poor perinatal outcome and thereby makes possible intervention so as to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality
Role of Doppler indices of umbilical and middle cerebral artery in prediction of perinatal outcome in preeclampsia
Background: Hypertension which develops de novo in pregnancy appears to be unique to human and continue to be a major cause of reported perinatal mortality. The aim and objectives of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of Umbilical and Middle cerebral artery Doppler in predicting the perinatal outcome in preeclampsia.Methods: A prospective study at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital between October2013-September2015 on 80pregnant women with preeclampsia at >30weeks gestation. Studies of fetal vessels were performed using a pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Resistance Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI) and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) were measured in umbilical artery (UA) and Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and perinatal outcomes were monitored and statistically analyzed.Results: Out of 80 cases studied, 25 cases showed adverse perinatal outcome, among which 6 cases with perinatal death, 13 cases had low APGAR at 5minutes. 6 cases had NICU admission.Conclusions: Color Doppler has an important role in antepartum fetal surveillance in preeclampsia which can detect fetal compromise at an early stage. In our study pulsatility index of umbilical artery and ratio of MCA/UA PI was more sensitive than other parameters with PPV 78%
HLA-DR2 subtypes & immune responses in pulmonary tuberculosis
Background & objectives: HLA-DR2 has been shown to be associated with the susceptibility to
pulmonary tuberculosis and altered antibody and lymphocyte response in pulmonary tuberculosis. In
the present study, the influence of DR2 subtypes on antibody titre and lymphocyte response ,to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate antigens (10 μg/ml) was studied in 22 patients with active
pulmonary TB (ATB), 50 inactive (cured) TB (ITB) patients and 36 healthy control subjects.
Methods. HLA-DR2 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot-blotted.
Genotyping of DRBl*1501, *1502, *1503, *1601 and *1602 was carried out using sequence specific
oligonucleotide probes (SSOPs) and detected by chemiluminescence method. Antibody titre as well
as lymphocyte response to M.tuberculosis antigens were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) respectively.
Results: The allele frequency of DRB1*15Ol was significantly increased in pulmonary tuberculosis
patients as compared to controls (P<0.05). No marked difference in the antibody titre and lymphocyte
response to M. tuberculosis antigens was observed between the DRBl *1501, *1502 and *1503 positive
or negative controls, ATB and ITB patients. DRBl *1501 and *1502 positive as well as negative ATB
patients showed a higher antibody titre as compared to controls and ITB patients. ITB patients with
*1502 showed a higher lymphocyte response as compared to *1502 positive controls (P<0.001) and
ATB patients (P<0.05). Similarly, an increased lymphocyte response was observed in *1501, and
*I503 negative ITB patients compared to *1501 and *1503 negative controls and ATB patients.
Interpretation & conclusion: The present study revealed that DRBl *1501 may be associated either
alone or with other DR2 alleles, with the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. None of the DR2
alleles influenced the antibody and lymphocyte response to M tuberculosis culture filtrate antigens.
This suggested that HLA-DR2 gene/gene products as a whole may influence the immune response in
pulmonary tuberculosis
Nanocolumnar Preferentially Oriented PSZT Thin Films Deposited on Thermally Grown Silicon Dioxide
We report the first instance of deposition of preferentially oriented, nanocrystalline, and nanocolumnar strontium-doped lead zirconate titanate (PSZT) ferroelectric thin films directly on thermal silicon dioxide. No intermediate seed or activation layers were used between PSZT and silicon dioxide. The deposited thin films have been characterised using a combination of diffraction and microscopy techniques
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