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Histoarchitecture of the Ovary of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

The present communication describes the detailed day wise study of histological changes of the ovary of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus in the postengorgement period together with the systematic classification of their oocytes. The ovary of R. (B.) annulatus is panoistic type with an asynchronous development of oocytes. All the stages (II, III, IV, and V) of oocytes except stage I were similar to R. (B.) microplus. The stage I oocytes showed basophilia, which was not reported earlier in other species of ticks. Day wise changes were in the form of presence of oogonia in partially fed and day one engorged adults, considerable degeneration of oocytes on day two, emergence of new wave of oocytes on day three, presence of mature oocytes up to day eight, and complete degeneration of ovarian tissue from day eight onwards. The degenerative changes in the ovary appeared initially in the oocytes followed by germinal epithelium

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Not AvailableThe aim of this article was to provide the efficient protocol for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) suitable for the seed proteome of rice. Sample preparation is a crucial step in 2D-PAGE because it directly affects the quality of protein profiles. We investigated the two different methods to extract the proteins viz., direct lysis buffer method and trichloroacetic acid/acetone (TCA/ acetone) method. The effectiveness was evaluated by the protein profing quality, number of protein spots, consistency and distribution of protein spots over the gels. The protein extracted by TCA/ acetone method had the highest number of protein spots and the good resolution of the gels. Two different IEF focusing were tested in which, the protein run at 50000 Volt hours showed the clear protein pattern and more number of proteins than 35000 Volt hours. Compared to the Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) G-250 staining, silver nitrate staining produced the more number of proteins spots. The protocol using TCA/Acetone extraction with 50000 Volt-hour IEF conditions followed by the silver staining resulted in the best extraction efficiency, greater protein separation and less horizontal streaking in 2DE gels. This works could principally provide the useful information and technical support for the rice seed proteomic research.Not Availabl

Association Mapping for Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Superoxide Dismutase, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, γ-Oryzanol and Antioxidant Activity in Rice

Antioxidant-rich rice is a cheaper way to solve stress-related disorders and other health benefits for the global rice-eating population. Five antioxidant traits, namely, superoxide dismutase, flavonoids, anthocyanins, γ-oryzanol and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) activity were mapped using a representative panel population through association mapping. Potential landraces carrying multiple antioxidant compounds were identified from the population. The population represented four genetic groups and correspondence for presence of antioxidants traits in each group was noticed. The population showed linkage disequilibrium for the studied traits based on the Fst values. A total of 14 significant marker–trait associations were detected for these antioxidant traits. The study validated the QTLs, qANC3 and qPAC12-2 for anthocyanin content and qAC12 for ABTS activity will be useful in marker-assisted breeding. Eleven QTLs such as qTAC1.1 and qTAC5.1 controlling anthocyanin content, qSOD1.1, qSOD5.1 and qSOD10.1 for superoxide dismutase (SOD), qTFC6.1, qTFC11.1 and qTFC12.1 for total flavonoids content (TFC), qOZ8.1 and qOZ11.1 for γ-oryzanol (OZ) and qAC11.1 for ABTS activity were detected as novel loci. Chromosomal locations on 11 at 45.3 cM regulating GO, TFC and TAC, and on the chromosome 12 at 101.8 cM controlling TAC and ABTS activity, respectively, were detected as antioxidant hotspots

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Not AvailableSheath blight disease of rice causes substantial crop losses and resistance sources are rare. A moderately resistant genotype CR 1014 was identified and hybridized with highly susceptible genotype Swarna-Sub1. In the F2 and F2:3 generations, three QTLs (qShB-1.1, qShB-1.2 and qShB-1.3) were mapped in chromosome-1. In F5 generation of the same cross and F4 generation of an alternative mapping population (Tapaswini/CR 1014), only the major QTL qShB-1.1 was recorded consistently with high LOD score (> 5.0). This stable QTL was co-localized with qShB1 reported earlier from Oryza nivara. A typical leucine rich repeat (LRR) motif containing gene (LOC_Os01g65650) and a chitin-inducible gibberellin-responsive protein coding non-LRR gene (LOC_Os01g65900) located within qShB-1.1 with high expression levels in leaf and shoot were predicted as putative candidate genes among others. Nearly 27.8% reduction in relative lesion height was recorded among several near isogenic lines of Swarna-Sub1 carrying the QTL region from CR 1014.ICA