Dose-dependent relationship between acidosis at birth and likelihood of death or cerebral palsy

BackgroundThe acid-base status of infants around birth can provide information about their past, current and future condition. Although umbilical cord blood pH &lt;7.0 or base deficit ≥12 mmol/L is associated with increased risk of adverse outcome, there is uncertainty about the prognostic value of degree of acidosis as previous studies have used different variables, thresholds, outcomes and populations.MethodsRetrospective review of routinely collected clinical data in all live-born inborn infants of 35 weeks gestation or more delivered between January 2005 and December 2013 at the Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, UK. Infants were included if their lowest recorded pH was &lt;7 and/or highest base deficit ≥12 mmol/L on either umbilical cord blood and/or neonatal blood gas within 1 hour of birth. Neurodevelopmental outcome of the infants with encephalopathy was collected from the targeted follow-up database.Results56 574 infants were eligible. 506 infants (0.9%) met inclusion criteria. Poor condition at birth and all adverse outcomes increased with worsening acidosis. Combined outcome of death or cerebral palsy was 3%, 10% and 40% at lowest pH of 6.9–6.99, 6.8–6.89 and &lt;6.8, respectively, and 8%, 14% and 59% at a base deficit of 12–15.9, 16–19.9 and 20 mmol/L or more, respectively.ConclusionsThere is a dose-dependent relationship between the degree of acidosis within an hour of delivery, and the likelihood of adverse neonatal and later neurodevelopmental outcome in infants born at 35 weeks gestation or more.</jats:sec

Selective reduction of anomeric azides to amines with tetrathiomolybdate: Synthesis of beta-D-glycosylamines

A number of beta-D-glycosyl azide derivatives undergo reduction on treatment with tetrathiomolybdate to produce the corresponding beta-D-glycosylamines exclusively without anomerization under very mild and neutral reaction conditions. Acetyl, allyl, benzoyl, and benzyl protective groups are left untouched under the reaction conditions. An exclusive selectivity in the reduction of anomeric azides is observed, while the C-2 and C-6 azides are left untouched

Synthesis of thioglycosides by tetrathiomolybdate-mediated michael additions of masked thiolates

An efficient one-pot methodology for the synthesis of thioglycosides in excellent yields under neutral conditions through the use of benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(BnNEt3)2MoS4; 1] as a sulfur-transfer reagent has been developed. The reagent 1 reacts with sugar halides to give sugar disulfides, which then undergo reductive cleavage in situ to provide the corresponding thiolates, followed by Michael addition to give the corresponding thioglycosides. Further, the utility of this one-pot reaction in aqueous medium has been exemplified through the use of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate [(NH4)2 MoS4; 2]. The application of this methodology has been extended to the synthesis of a variety of thiosugar analogues with excellent diastereoselectivity through inter- and intramolecular reactions

Synthesis of Thioglycosides by Tetrathiomolybdate-Mediated Michael Additions of Masked Thiolates

An efficient one-pot methodology for the synthesis of thioglycosides in excellent yields under neutral conditions through the use of benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate $[{(BnNEt_3)}_2MoS_4; 1]$ as a sulfur-transfer reagent has been developed. The reagent 1 reacts with sugar halides to give sugar disulfides, which then undergo reductive cleavage in situ to provide the corresponding thiolates, followed by Michael addition to give the corresponding thioglycosides. Further, the utility of this one-pot reaction in aqueous medium has been exemplified through the use of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate $[{(NH_4)}_2 MoS_4; 2]$. The application of this methodology has been extended to the synthesis of a variety of thiosugar analogues with excellent diastereoselectivity through inter and intramolecular reactions

Selective reduction of anomeric azides to amines with tetrathiomolybdate: synthesis of β-d-glycosylamines

A number of β-d-glycosyl azide derivatives undergo reduction on treatment with tetrathiomolybdate to produce the corresponding β-d-glycosylamines exclusively without anomerization under very mild and neutral reaction conditions. Acetyl, allyl, benzoyl, and benzyl protective groups are left untouched under the reaction conditions. An exclusive selectivity in the reduction of anomeric azides is observed, while the C-2 and C-6 azides are left untouched

Tetrathiomolybdate Assisted Epoxide Ring Opening with Masked Thiolates and Selenoates: Multistep Reactions in One Pot

Tetrathiomolybdate provides an easy access to \beta-hydroxy disulfides, \beta-hydroxy sulfides, and selenides from epoxides in a tandem, multistep process in one pot. This strategy has been utilized effectively in the construction of thiabicylo(3.2.2)nonane derivative 24

Tetrathiomolybdate assisted epoxide ring opening with masked thiolates and selenoates: multistep reactions in one pot

Tetrathiomolybdate provides an easy access to β-hydroxy disulfides, β-hydroxy sulfides, and selenides from epoxides in a tandem, multistep process in one pot. This strategy has been utilized effectively in the construction of thiabicylo[3.2.2]nonane derivative 24